The proposed research will focus on two primary aims. The first is to study the effect of a specially designed course has on individuals in terms of their attitudes towards females and eventually their partners. The second aim will be to ascertain the possible markers for IPV among the individuals taking part in the study who do engage in it. The study will be a longitudinal study. 4 districts of rural Uttar Pradesh which are the worst affected areas by IPV, will be selected for this study. A school from each district will be chosen and a course structure will be provided to the schools. Half of the male students currently studying in the 10th grade will be taught this course, which will eventually go on till the 12th grade. The other half …show more content…
Specific Aim 2: To identify the possible markers that make a male more prone to IPV. After the longitudinal study is conducted, it will provide us with data about those who engage and those who do not engage in IPV. This will help in identifying risk-markers in individuals. Hypothesis 2: Those who engage in IPV have overpowering social and/or economic level influences.
Background
India has been grappling with the issue of Intimate Partner Violence for quite a while now. There are 2.24 million cases of crimes against women in the past decade alone (Indu, Remadevi, Vidhukumar, Subha & Anikumar, 2011). 66% of women have reported to experience some form of sexual harassment at some point in their lives. These statistics are reflection of the general mentality that pervades numerous sections of the society. Domestic households too are affected by these instances. Extensive research has highlighted the various risk-markers that make a woman vulnerable to intimate partner violence. There are numerous factors at play which operate at different levels- individual, community and contextual. Generally, intimate partner violence is most prominent in poor households and families that belong to lower socioeconomic strata (Kham et.al, 2015; Bassuk et.al, 2006; Sharma, 2011; George et.al, 2016). A woman’s education becomes an important tool to protect her from abuse. It has been observed that as the number of women getting
Statistic’s have suggested violence is perpetrated against women in almost half of all marriages (Domestic Violence).Statistic’s gathered from 1994 indicate domestic violence causes almost 100,000 days of hospitalization, 30,000 emergency room visits, 40,000 trips to the doctor every year, and 50% of all homeless woman and their children are fleeing domestic violence( Domestic Violence).
Domestic violence against women is prevalent in almost all the societies in the world. It is an issue which was not even recognised as a crime 40 years ago and is still not recognized as a crime by many societies. Women suffer from violence, including physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological violence by strangers and their partners all over the world (Kaya, 2010). Even though it is a worldwide occurrence, there are some women who face more intense and frequent violence depending on their culture, country, religion,
Throughout history, women have continuously found themselves as the subjects of oppression. Although the treatment of women has drastically changed over time, women are still exposed to much of the violence that exists today. Per the National Organization for Women, “young women, low-income women and some minorities are disproportionately victims of domestic violence and rape” (National Organization for Women, 2016). Women-centered violence is highly prevalent and reoccurring all over the world, even in our local communities. Individuals may be hesitant to consider just how much violence against women affects their communities.
Furthermore, even if the woman is aware that she is being abused, she may decide not to report the abuse due to various forms of support she receives from her partner. An anonymous survey conducted with South Asian women from ages 18-62 showed that 50.6% of the participants reported that they do not disclose the abuse because their partner provides them with financial and/or social support (Raj & Silverman, 2003). Because these women are less likely to report their experiences with domestic abuse, if they are fortunate enough to escape the abusive household at all, the intensity of the mental illnesses they may develop caused by this abuse is likely to higher due the prolonged time they spent in this toxic situation (Ellsberg et al., 2008).
Why IPV was associated with sexual risk taking at baseline, but not one year follow-up, warrants further study. One possible explanation is that individuals in violent relationships may have difficulty negotiating condom use while those relationships are ongoing, as a result of likely power differentials between partners, but these effects may not generalize to future relationships that are not characterized by
Violence against women has existed for centuries and women experience violence in many setting; however, domestic violence is the most prevalent. Abela and Walker (2014) explain that the women’s right movement took place because women were maltreated and oppressed (78). They state that the victimization of women was the reason why the second wave of the feminist movement arose. They also explain that during this time, laws in the Untied States allow men to hit their wives (Abela & Walker 79). Women from different cultures and different economic status have been victims of domestic violence. In this paper, I will focus on domestic violence against women from different cultures. I will present information about the history of domestic violence
Introductory Psychology students (N = 305) from a mid-western university participated in the study online for course credit. Sixty-eight percent of the participants identified as female, 32% of the participants identified as male, and one participant did not indicate their gender. The majority of the participants were Caucasian (73%), and the average age of the participants was 19.04 (SD = 1.10).
This section will discuss the topic intimate partner violence against women as discussed by other scholars and authors. Various books will be analyzed to understand the topic better. The section will also explain the main issues independently analyzing different literature and will also discuss the similarities and differences. The issue has emanated a lot of public concern as more young women continue to suffer in silence with the fear of speaking out against their partners. Some women, however, are courageous and have opted to speak about the issue in public without fear of being judged or criticized. Careful analysis of the different books will help to determine the different perspectives that different authors understand
Domestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur & Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and underdeveloped countries and of different backgrounds. Although there are various cases of domestic violence against men, children and the elderly; women account for the majority percentage of victims of Domestic Violence. This violence can take the form of physical assault, psychological abuse, financial abuse or sexual assault (Kaur & Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a trend that is on the rise and will continue to plague our society if nothing is done on time to address this social issue.
The topic of this study is children’s articulation about their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). As stated by the authors, “narratives were often incoherent and difficult to understand.” The present study discusses difficulties children had in describing their exposure to IPV.
Asian Indian women are subject to social limitations in there culture and are looked at has objects rather than people who can also contribute to society. There are some women in that society that are making great advances for women in that country socially. However, as much advance as they are getting men and mostly spouses are still objectifying them. Women in this culture often experience intimate partner violence. There are about 59% of women who have reported IPV in their relationships. A range of 14% to 20% of these women experience mental trauma and can develop PTSD, which is posttraumatic stress disorder, as well as, depression. Very few women who are abused seek professional help to cope with the depression, PTSD, and abuse. The abuse is likely from a cycle of abuse that has occurred in family relations, so boys seeing fathers treat mothers poorly and then the sons grow up seeing this they apply this to their relationships. Women who have experienced IPV have shown to have lower health qualities. In the United States, enculturation happens to many cultures from other countries. This process can cause there to be more experienced abuse and violence in this culture type. Actually, enculturation is one of the strongest factors of intimate partner violence among Asian Indian couples. Enculturation “values” had a specific and indirect relation with IPV attitudes. Another strong factor is patriarchal gender role attitude also had a positive association with
Many women stay with an abusive partner for five main reasons: social background, financial problems, lack of family support, traditions and values (Gharaibeh & Oweis, 2009). Violence against women is a severe problem that creates a negative environment. As a result, other individuals living in the family are also negatively affected when there are sudden changes in a household. Moreover, society needs to acknowledge these negative impacts that occur within the household against women. When violence is perpetuated within families, children often observe their parents and thus reflect violent characteristics in their behaviours; thereby, such features can be passed on for generations. In addition, a positive environment must be enforced for families that are affected by domestic violence; understanding the negative effects is the first
Domestic violence has had a widespread, international effect on intimate relationships with both men and women acting as aggressors and victims. Though domestic violence is an international issue, with many women being affected in non-Western and developing countries, much of the research and literature has focused on Western countries. However, as this is such an international problem, it is essential to draw research from areas affected by rampant domestic violence all over the world. It is also essential to study and document the occurrence of domestic violence against every age, as it can start among couples in their early teens all the way to elderly couples. This paper reflects on four peer-reviewed articles concerning factors and circumstances that often lead to higher incidences of domestic violence as well as ways to combat this issue. Through studying various peer-reviewed articles concerning domestic violence, many issues were identified that seemed to be associated with increased levels of domestic violence. For instance, male dominance and female dependence often correlated with a higher level of domestic violence. It is imperative that access to education, as well as greater awareness to the issue of domestic violence, be increased throughout the world in order to prevent and diminish the occurrence of domestic violence. It is also important to begin teaching children about domestic violence and how to avoid engaging in and be able to leave violent
Domestic violence refers to abusive behavior in any relationship that is inflicted on a partner to gain or maintain power and control over another partner. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, or psychological. Domestic violence includes behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, or wound someone. Domestic violence can happen to anyone, regardless of their race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender; and it also occurs in both opposite-sex and same-sex relationships; domestic violence also affects people of all socioeconomic backgrounds and education levels (Justice, The United States Department of, 2017). This topic has attracted a lot of discussion and research because of its dominance and complexity. This essay, therefore seeks to look at the causes and effects of domestic violence.
Irrespective of national affluence or level of development, women are vulnerable to exploitation, oppression and all other types of explicit violence from men in all societies where cultural norms, tradition and legal system sanction women's subordination to men. In India, an important mechanism of male dominance is the propagation of gender ideology through sanctions of religious texts and their gender-selective interpretation by the community leaders. Moreover, increasing exposure to violence through popular reading, theaters, film and TV shows, satellite culture etc. directly or indirectly encourage men to commit offences like rape.