Essay On Lipid Based Delivery System

*Rectal administration – Medicines administered into the body by this route are absorbed very quickly. Suppositories are available for this route of administration and are inserted high into the rectum.

Absorption – “How the drugs enter the circulation process through the body, and how they resist general breakdown by the stomach, liver, and the intestines”. Some of the factors that affect the absorption of drugs in the body is as follows, “acidity of the stomach, Physiochemical properties, Presence of food in the stomach or intestine, and Routes of administration”,

4. Describe the process of bile emulsification of lipids and how it improves lipase activity. _Fat globules are separated into droplets by bile salts through an emulsification

In the experiment, I predict that the acetaminophen liquid soft gel capsules will take the longest to dissolve in the simulation gastric acid. The capsules will be the second most effective based on its reaction to the simulation gastric acid. Lastly the liquid form will completely dissolve, therefore being the least effective.

Based on ¨Principles of Pharmacokinetics¨, ¨pharmacokinetics is the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion¨ (Ratain 2003). In other words, the drug's pharmacokinetics determines the duration and the intensity of the effect on the body. Absorption rate can be affected by the drug itself, such as: rate of dissolution, lipid solubility, and route (VandeWaa 2016). The absorption process starts by the route of admission, in this case oral. The oral, or by mouth, route of administration for drugs is the most common. When a pill is taken by mouth, it travels down to the stomach, were most pills dissolve. While in the stomach, some kinds of pills are absorbed into the stomach lining, but some move on to the small intestine. Every pill eventually ends up in the bloodstream and circulate through the body to tissues and organs (Howell 2017). Once passive diffusion occurs, the cells absorb the molecules of the medicine. Then, the molecules of the medicine will exit the cells and travel in the bloodstream for the distribution process.

This solution was also the only reagent that turned red and therefore the only reagent that contained the lipid macromolecule. This colour change to red is observed as Sudan III is a lipid soluble solvent dye (lysochrome). In general this dye combines with triglycerols to form these red droplets and emulsion (Pohle, Brändlein, Ruoff, Müller-Hermelink, & Vollmers, 2004). This same colour change occured when Sudan III was added to the lipid solution in this experiment. Therefore it can be concluded that the unknown solution did not contain any lipids as it did not give the expected results for when lipids are

Cleansing – the most common use of surfactants in cosmetics is for cleansing. This is because skin and hair obtain a large amount of dirt from the environment, which is known as solid particulates, and from hair follicles known as oily deposits, which stays there. Lipophilic substances (oil loving) attract the oily deposits. Surfactants are used to get rid of them. Through the use of aligning lipophilic and hydrophilic ends, it is able to take the lipids off the exterior.

Pharmacokinetics consists of three components, absorption, distribution, and clearance. Absorption, especially from the oral route is the least influenced by the aging process and slows down, but remains complete (Adams et al., 2011). As the number of drugs ingested increases, the risk that absorption is interrupted increases (Adams et al., 2011). Distribution is significantly impacted with age. Older people have more body fat and less water than younger people. As a result, a drug that is fat soluble will remain in older bodies

When lipase activity is blocked, triglycerides from the diet are not hydrolyzed into absorbable free fatty acids, and are excreted undigested instead. Only trace amounts of this medicine are absorbed systemically; the primary effect is local lipase inhibition within the GI tract after an oral dose. The primary route of elimination is through the feces.

The large molecules are unable to pass through the wall of the visking tube (4). One of aim of doing this experiment is to check if one of the foods chosen has a potential to be a slow releasing food, which will be beneficial when one is to think about weight loss and having a healthy

For example FA such as oleic acid (OA) are completely nonpolar whereas glycerophospholipids such as PTC are polar due to the presence of the phosphate and choline molecules. These innate differences in polarity means that lipids have different solubility in polar and non-polar solvents. This property of the lipids was exploited in order to strategically isolate them by the method of solvent fractionation. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique was used to identify the types of lipids found in the adipose and brain tissue. These differential polarities in lipids enable partitioning in the stationary and mobile phases of the TLC.

In normal micelles, the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains of the surfactants are directed toward the internal of the micelle, and the hydrophilic groups of the surfactants are in contact with the surrounding aqueous middle. Above the cmc, the physical state of the surfactant molecules changes significantly, and extra surfactant exists as aggregates or micelles. The bulk attributes of the surfactant change around the cmc, such as osmotic pressure, turbidity, solubilization, surface tension, conductivity, and selfdiffusion. On the other hand, reverse micelles are formed in nonaqueous medium where

Diffusion through lipid is when non-polar molecules can dissolve easily in membrane lipids and thus diffuse readily across the cell membrane without any assistance. The rate at which a molecule diffuses strongly depends on it’s molecular size; smaller molecules diffuse at a more rapid rate than larger ones. A drug’s lipid solubility is the main determining factor for it’s rate of diffusion transfer.

Another factor affecting the solubility of the olive oil, vegetable oil, crisco, and lard is the principle of hydrophobic interaction. Hydrophobic interaction refers to when nonpolar solutes are in the presence of polar solvents, mainly water. When this happens, the

Polysorbates 20 and 80 (Tween 20 and Tween 80) are utilized as a part of formulation of biotherapeutic products for both preventing surface adsorption and as stabilizers against protein aggregation. The polysorbates are amphipathic, nonionic surfactants made out of fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan being polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate for polysorbate 20 and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate for polysorbate 80. The polysorbates used in the formulation of biopharmaceuticals are mixtures of different fatty acid esters with the