Experiment on the Differences in Recovery Heart Rates in Athletes and Non-Athletes

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

Four interval times (PR, RT, TP and RR) measured in seconds were recorded both with the subject at rest and after the subject had exercised. The PR and RT intervals remained virtually unchanged with the PR intervals remaining the same both before and after exercise with an interval time of 0.15 seconds, and the RT interval increase by 0.01 seconds from 0.37 at rest to 0.38 seconds after exercise. More substantial changes were noted in TP and RR intervals. The TP interval decreasing from 0.32 seconds at rest to just 0.08 seconds after exercise, a decrease of 0.24 seconds (just 25% of the resting 0.32 seconds). The RR interval decreased from 0.84 seconds at rest to 0.61 seconds seconds after exercise, a decrease of 0.23 seconds

This experiment was carried out as noted about in Procedure 1. The resting heart rate was established and used as a baseline value from which to compare all future deviations. While data could

D1 outline the relationships between the cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems before, during and after a sporting activity

1. Dependent Variable HR, SV, BP 2. Independent Variable level of activity 3. Controlled Variables age, gender

In this assignment I will be introducing a formal report that is based on an investigation into how the body responds to exercise and which analyses the results from the investigation. The investigation involves myself and other pupils in my class. I will be doing the Harvard step test. the other pupils in my class will be monitoring my heart rate, breathing rate and temperature before and after the test.

The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).

Being knowledgeable about the heart is very important, especially if one is an athlete. This experiment is significant, because it can tell us how important it is for one to keep their heart healthy. It will also tell us how playing a sport can benefit one’s health and the well being of their heart. Our hypothesis says, if the athleticism of a person increases, then the heart rate recovery time will decrease when heart rate recovery in a function of athleticism. The purpose of this project is to see which type of athlete, or non-athlete has the best heart function.

When looking at heart rate over time it was found that the participants were able to exercise for longer than when they exercised at a continuous pace. In the graph in compare to female students, Participant 1 is more trained in comparison to participant 2, and is therefore able to exercise longer and at a lower heart rate, so it takes more time for participant 1 to fatigue. (Figure.1.) It was found, that with intermittent exercise a higher total work output was achieved, this is because the participants are able to work longer, even during the recovery phase they are generating some work. (Figure 2). It was found the time to

-Heart rate is the number of times a person 's heart beats per minute. When you are preforming a type of exercise that will increase your heart rate, then your heart will pump blood all around your body faster and especially to muscles that are working the most because they require the most oxygen because of the intensity they are working at. It is vital to take your resting heart rate and the normal heart rate is 60-100bpm. For example, our cardiovascular exercise was cycling on a stationary bike for 20 minutes at a reasonable pace and this will depend on whether your heart rate will increase at a slow, fast or steady rate. However, the first 5 minutes we cycled at a very fast pace in order for your heart to pump more blood all around the body and to the required muscles in order for them to work harder. But the response is that the heart rate levels off, which means that it becomes steady so that after beginning the exercise and you’re like 5 minutes into it then your heart rate will stay the same or increase by little bits unless you change the intensity all the time which is not required when doing cardiovascular exercises.

Aims - This study is to ascertain, if there is an effect on heart rate after exercise. This is being done to see, if there is a difference between resting heart rate and heart rate after performing exercise.

This experiment was performed to see the changes in the heart rate recovery times of in-season, off-season, and non-athlete’s hearts. We spent three days testing our runners, and their heart rate recovery times. Every student checked their initial heart rate, and then ran for 30 seconds. At the end of 30 seconds, we timed how long it took them for their heart rate to reach their normal again. After our research, we found Scientific Journals where scientists had performed similar experiments. We obtained information from Morganroth’s hypothesis (Naylore 2012). He said that athletic hearts had morphed into something stronger. He concluded that athletes exercising developed cardiac hypertrophy. Our research made us more aware of the factors that could cause an athlete’s heart to recover faster than a non-athlete. Some of the factors we found were: hypertrophy, strength trained heart, and endurance trained heart. These factors could help determine why we concluded the results that we found. We concluded that the in-season athlete’s hearts recovered much faster than the other two categories. The in-season athlete’s heart recovered at an average rate of 41.8 seconds. The second fastest was the Off-season athlete’s heart which recovered at an average rate of 51.7 seconds, and the non-athletes falling behind at 63.5 seconds. We believe that the in-season athlete’s heart recovered faster, because they are accustomed to exercising, and they are training each day for

Physiological responses to aerobic training include lower resting heart rate which means increased efficiency of the cardiovascular system & faster recovery; increased heart stroke volume per beat, by way of more full left ventricle during diastole; increased

The average resting heart rate (RHR) for anyone ranges from 40 to 100 beats per minute. An individual’s RHR will change due to two factors, one being your fitness levels and another being your age. The more active your everyday life style is the lower your RHR will be. The reason behind this is the heart is becoming larger as well as durable which makes the heart a lot more efficient at pumping the blood throughout the entire body. so that when the humans heart is at rest the blood will be pumped around with a single beat, resulting in less beats per minute. The healthy RHR for an 18-year-old athlete who is a male is 49-55 beats per minute (Wood, 2008).

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.