Extraction of Salt from a Mixture
Priscilla Etim
Thursday 2:30pm-5:20pm, Dr. Smriti Anand
Collin County Community College: Preston Ridge Campus, Department of Chemistry, McKinney,TX
INTRODUCTION:
Every individual is different in a specific way. Like people, substances have unique qualities, such as properties, which aid chemists to differentiate and identify the particular components the substances consists of. These particular qualities are identified as either physical or chemical properties. Physical properties are properties which do not require a chemical change of its composition in order for the substance to be classified. A few examples of physical properties include color, density, odor, boiling point, melting
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Use a glass beaker to pour an adequate amount of the liquid substance and use the pipette from the glass beaker.
5. When placing the large test tube in boiling water, be sure to keep the face of the large test tube away from you or any lab partners with safety tongs.
6. When dealing with glass objects such as a glass beaker or thermometer, be sure to hold the item. In instances where glass is broken during the experiment, do not clean up the area yourself! Notify your instructor immediately.
7. If there is a chemical spill, notify your instructor immediately to prevent any further damage.
8. Do not eat or drink any of the liquids or substances associated in lab.
PROCEDURE: I. LIQUID - Identification of an Unknown Liquid: Using the physical properties of Solubility, Density, and Boiling Point.
PART A. Solubility Take two test tubes, label each test tube according to solvent. Add 1 mL of distilled deionized water to the first test tube and 1 mL of ethanol to the second test tube. Next, add 1 mL of the unknown liquid to each test tube, shake for a small period of time, and observe patiently. During this observation, you will be able to determine whether the two liquids mix completely, slightly, or not at all. If the two liquids mix completely, then you should be able to see one liquid mixed together without a visible line indicating two different substances. This means the two liquids are considered soluble. If the two liquids
2. Used a test tube clamp to held the test tube and gently heated the tube in a laboratory burner flame for about 30 seconds.
1. Fill the graduated cylinder nearly to the top with water, with a tall glass tube open at both ends (the water level with act as the closed end).
The composition of a pure substance is constant, and thus pure substances have characteristic physical properties that do not change and this is why we are able to separate each element in this lab experiment. Examples of physical properties that can be used to describe pure substances include solubility, conductivity, magnetism, density, boiling point, and melting point.
Physical Properties: A property that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance.
Purpose of this experiment was to find the amount and percent of water in a hydrated salt. Also, to successfully determine percent error and standard deviation. Hydrated salts are substances that occur naturally who usually contain an amount of water molecules chemically bonded to the compound. A few hydrated salts have weak bonds within the water molecules which allows heat to remove the water molecules creating an anhydrous salt. Hydrated salts that lose water molecules to the atmosphere without a heat source are known as efflorescent. Salts that readily absorb water are called deliquescent. An example of an anhydrous salt would be Magnesium Sulfate or also known as Epsom Salt. Epsom salt separates under heating and becomes
When filling up the burette it is important that a funnel is used, however as the solution reaches the 0 mark it is ideal that the funnel be removed and a pipette used instead to reach the 0 mark, this is to achieve greater precision. During the experiment, it is important to swirl the flask continuously with one hand
Simple distillation is a separation technique which can be used to separate and purify distillates from a liquid mixture which ideally contains one volatile and one non-volatile compound. If such ideal conditions are not possible—as is usually the case—then simple distillation can be applied as long as the liquid in question is composed of compounds that differ in volatility such that their boiling points differ by at least 40 to 50 degrees Celsius. Because
I would use a p200 pipette by set it to 200μl with a tip on it and then pulling up the solution slowly and put it into a beaker. I would used a p100 pipette and set it to 50μl and put the solution in the same beaker. or I would use a p1000 pipette and set it to 250μl.
Wash hands, place on lab coat, and disinfect work area with the ten percent bleach.
Caution – Hydrochloric acid is corrosive to eyes, skin and clothes. Wearing a lab apron, rubber gloves, goggles, and a face shield is essential. Rinse any spills on skin or clothing with plenty of cold water. Clean up spills immediately – ask your instructor for help.
Physical changes can be seen through an altering of the substances physical property. A substances physical property is observed and measured without changing the composition of the subject. Descriptive words that would help to identify a substance’s physical property include hard, soft, brittle, flexible, heavy, and light just to name a few.
melting point of an unknown substance to that of a true compound. This method can be
1 ml of water should be added to the first test tube and make a note. In the second test tube, 1 ml of methyl alcohol should be added. In the third test tube, 1 ml of hexane must be added. Lastly, the fourth test tube will be a control.
Laboratory ABC uses both glass pipettes (1mL to 5mL) and disposable plastic pipette tips- yellow (20μL), blue (1000μL) and white (5mL). Glass pipettes and white pipette tips are currently washed and reused. Blue and yellow tips are discarded.
Add 2 drops of soap to the removed test tube, and place it in the test tube holder.