Feedback And Preferences Influence Cognitive Performance?

Receiving feedback gives us an opportunity to change and modify our behaviour, in order to become more effective at skills.

In order to do any sequenced action, any cognitively planned activity, or any thought one must use sustained attention and it seems to be harder to maintain attention on simple and automated tasks. To investigate whether increase in the proportion of automated tasks affects sustained attention performance, 636 psychology students did the SART which they were required to response when the digit is over ‘5’ and not response when the digit is less than ‘5’. As hypothesised, participants who took the test with more repetitive response actions required are more likely to make errors than were participants who were tested with less repetitive response actions required. These findings suggest that repetitive and automated tasks have a significant impact on sustained attention performance.

According to the textbook, respondent behaviors are behaviors elicited by prior stimuli and are not affected by their consequences. In other words, respondent behaviors are one’s innate responses to certain situations that they do not have to be taught. These behaviors are not a result of consequences, but are more enacted based on one’s natural reflexes. Tears forming in an individual’s eyes when something sad or tragic occurs is an example of a respondent behavior. Laughing while being tickled is also an example of a respondent behavior.

Have you ever gotten lost in the Internet, swallowed by the constant updates on Twitter and Facebook for hours, when you only meant to be on for a few minutes? This is a constant battle in our society and technology changes and our use of it increases. It is becoming a bigger issue every day, and now it affects one of our basics psychological needs: sleep. Though I concede with Brooke Gladstone, author of “The Influencing Machines” that we can adapt to technology as it grows, I still insist that some issues that arise with technology are bigger than Gladstone portrays and we need to find solutions for some of the bigger problems that technology creates, especially when it disturbs a basic psychological need.

Have you ever sat down planning to watch one TV show or play one round of video games or quickly check your Snapchat, only to find yourself doing the same activity hours later? I can extremely relate to this. I may be watching one episode of netflix than i find myself on to the fifth episode when i do not even realize the time. People do this because watching television, playing video games, using your phone or doing many other non active activities are all “cognitively stimulating”. Angus Chen explains how television is cognitively stimulating, in his article “Too Much TV And Chill Could Reduce Brain Power Over Time”. A cognitive stimulation is an activity that is enjoyable that you use thinking, concentration and memory while doing. Furthermore,

In today’s session, group members learned about how thoughts and emotions contribute to behavior, and how to observe, analyze and responses to those thoughts and emotions in different ways. The common behavior traits that related to substance use were discussed, as well.

Understanding how selection on behavior shapes brain investment is a major question in the analysis of the evolution of animal sociality [Szathmary and Maynard Smith, 1995; Edelman and Changeux, 2001; Ricklefs, 2004; Gronenberg and Riveros, 2009]. Neural tissue is energetically expensive and therefore brain regions should only enlarge when needed to meet functional demands [Niven and Laughlin, 2008]. The social brain hypothesis posits that social interactions are so cognitively demanding that social environment selects for enhanced neural development [Humphrey, 1976; Dunbar and Shultz, 2007]. Studies supporting the social brain hypothesis usually rely on comparative analyses across taxa with varying levels of social complexity and use

Third, the reinforcement assessment results showed that the participant might have a difficulty on understanding the task. Additional research can be done to include a thinning schedule in the reinforcement assessment. Specifically, experimenter can conduct a rich reinforcement schedule (such as FI 10s) at the beginning of the assessment and then gradually increase participant’s engagement time to get a reinforcer by using FI 20s, FI 30s and FI 40s schedules. This method may help participant to have more exposure on the tasks and reinforcers and understand the contingency at the beginning of the sessions. Fourth, the quality of the observational data should be taken into consideration as some of the interobserver agreement data in this project were low (below 85%). Cooper, Heron and Heward (2014) indicated that experimenters and clinicians should always choose the valid assessment of IOA to ensure the reliability of the observation data and their interpretations

The positive reinforcement, that makes up operant conditioning, is the student doing their homework. Because of this they get a rewarding stimulus. The act of the rewarding stimulus should increase their desire to continue the behavior. (Figure 6.12 “Operant conditioning is about positive reinforcement”) The better they do the more this process is used therefore they get more rewards.

I arrive in the session without any preconceived notions about Bruce although his history of slanderous behavior toward male classmates is well known around the school. It is my perception that he’s appearing to gain control of his environment by presenting strong front with this bullying behavior especially since recently injuring his knee during a football game and being unable to participate in sports. I am very interested to find out in our initial session about where his thinking process was derived and if he is aware where many of his behaviors may be centered around. It became evident after listening to Bruce discussing his upbringing that many of his influences directly affect the content of his thinking and behaviors. Living in a strict, Catholic military home, he was constantly told statements like “children should be seen and not heard” “respect adults no matter what circumstances” and “real men aren’t sissies.” On the other end of the spectrum his mother is an alcoholic and he spent quite a bit of his childhood caring for her and scared he would find her dead after she went on a drinking binge. He did

Stimulus control can array of complex and a single stimulus, but are manipulated by our environment (Chance 2014, p.328). When I was in elementary school, I did not talk to anyone at school. The teacher would call on my name to answer a question, and I would just look at the teacher. However, I would talk to my friends and family at home. My behavior is controlled by the environment in which I am sociable. Another example, when I am doing homework, I snack of junk food. My eating behavior is controlled by the stimulus of doing homework. I believe both issues are harmful because I received low grades. Also, snacking on junk food can cause future health problems.

Nine participants from this initial sample were excluded from analysis for not completing the study and three others were removed for failing attention check items. The study used a 3 (experiential feedback: slow, moderate, fast) x 3 (external feedback: fast, slow, none) between-subjects design.

Appropriate and positive behavior is very important in the classroom. One way to help with behavioral issues is using positive reinforcement and rewards in many circumstances. Praises can be in the form of verbal affirmation and rewards can be in the form of giving stickers to the student for getting good grades, being a classroom helper and/or displaying positive behavior throughout the day.

Within the discipline of psychology, there are several perspectives used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitive, neuroscientific/biopsychological, evolutionary, and sociocultural. Describe the seven major psychological perspectives using two to three sentences each. Select one major figure associated with one of the seven major perspectives and describe his or her work in two to three sentences. Type your response in the space below.

The importance of memory is summarized in a line Quintilian wrote in Book 11.2, “all learning depends on memory, and teaching is in vain if everything we hear slips away”(Quintilian 59). The so-called memory tends to be playing an enormous role in shaping and structuring the thoughts, but what is memory explicitly? The Oxford Dictionary defines memory as the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information. Hence, memory is the reservoir of past information, which when later recalled allows one to reconstruct the realities of the past. The role memory plays are numerous, but how exactly does it assist in decision-making? Indeed, while making decisions one automatically recollects the series of