Foreign Minister Alexander Izvolsky Of Russia Essay

The start to the feud concerning Serbia and Austria commenced when Serbia was ruled by the Turkish Ottoman Empire, while Austria-Hungary was a chief European power. In 1815 the Serbs effectively campaigned against and rebelled, and in 1835 they proclaimed their own individual constitution. Austria-Hungary, a dynastic empire consisted of countless diverse races whom were petrified of the 'panslavism',” the nationalism by which the Slav races of the Balkans desired to set up their own nation-states”. Austria-Hungary observed Serbia as the leading vilest, example of this. Austria-Hungary loathed Serbia . Then in 1876 Serbia declared war with Turkey and took over the acreage of Bosnia, an area of the Balkans where many Serbs lived in the

The results of the first Balkan War in 1912 were another cause of hostility between the two countries. As a result of this war Serbia had gained control of the Adriatic coastline, and had also taken over Albania. Austria-Hungary resented and feared the sudden growth of Serbia and wanted Serbia to give up both the Adriatic coast and Albania. Russia however supported the Serbs, and he and Austria-Hungary mobilised their troops against one another. A peace treaty was drawn up and by May 1913 the Treaty of London was signed.

A young generation was emerging within Serbia and Bosnia whose experience of national and social struggles had taught them the effectiveness of violence as a means to achieve goals (as seen in the Balkan Wars 1912-13). It was a generation that demanded action and sacrifice instead of words and political wisdom (Cirkovic 246). Russia repeatedly assured their Slav brethren that they only had to wait (MacKenzie 58). Serbian agitation against Austria-Hungary was increased and the more the Austro-Hungarians attempted to subvert it, the more violent and fanatical it became. The fearlessness that was born from the support of Russia led those seeking Slavic unity to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, thereby triggering the cascade that began WWI.

Because of the archduke’s assassination and the fact that Serbia rejected some of the ultimatums given by Austria-Hungary in order to preserve its sovereignty, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. After the takeover of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary, Russia and Austria-Hungary’s allies were committed to supporting their respective allies more effectively in the event of another crisis. Therefore, since Russia was determined to fully support Serbia, Czar Nicholas II ordered partial mobilization, the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war, of the Russian army against Austria-Hungary. Today, mobilization would not necessarily be considered as an act of war; however, at

As according to the document titled “Serbia,” Russia’s actions made it seem as though it would support Serbia, which now felt more confident about going up against Austria-Hungary. The purpose of this document was to explain the extent of Serbia’s role in beginning the war, and to explain how, though Serbia might be blamed for the immediate thought of war, it cannot for the actual declaration of war. The assassination of an Austrian archduke by Serbian nationalists (in Austria-Hungary) is what prompted a thought of war, but it was the assurance given by Russia that gave Serbia courage to challenge Austria-Hungary, thereby showing how Serbia is not to blame in the long-run. In addition, Russia’s asking of French support and later gaining it made Russia confident of an “easy” win against Austria-Hungary, as France’s military was advanced and powerful, as said in the document titled “France.” This made Russia less afraid of war, and made it take measures that did not necessarily prevent war.

On July 28, 1914 Austry-Hangry has declared war on Serbia. Action Austria-hangry it gets riaksi of Russia who were involved in the war by helping its ally Serbia. This development is worrying because the Austrian-German Hangry which is critical ally. In this situation the German asked Britain to help resolve this conflict. Britain has issued a ruling that Austria-Hangry can not destroy the integrity of Serbia and the need to withdraw from

This idea, known as social Darwinism, in Austria-Hungary perhaps further strengthened the want by various ethnic groups to leave Austria-Hungary. Additionally, a group which the Austro-Hungarians controlled were the Serbs, who were placed under their control after the Bosnian crisis of 1908. In the Bosnian crisis, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, against the approval of Serbia("Bosnian crisis of 1908”). Because Austria-Hungary didn’t have the approval of the Serbians, the connection between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was broken. Serbia was connected to Bosnia and Herzegovina because the countries had ethnic and geographic similarities. It seems likely that these connections limited the conflicts between Serbia and Bosnia, lowering the tension in the Balkan region. However, the annexation by Austria-Hungary created a barrier between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia because the Serbians already had previous hatred for Austria-Hungary. This separation angered Serbia to an extent where Serbia demanded a portion of the annexed land be given to them. Austria declined, and soon after threatened to invade Serbia if they continued with their demands. The threats by Austria-Hungary suggest that they had no fear of creating conflict with Serbia, and would rather anger Serbia than help them. In addition, the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina had previously proved economically prosperous for

The Ottoman and Habsburg were two different empires, which both empires had some differences as well as similarities. The Ottoman and Habsburg went through a through periods of time and challenges of nationalism. The Ottoman and Hapsburg empires lost a lot of land and uprisings after the ward war one. When Russia face a communist revolution and it also transferred into the long standing Soviet Union than the Ottoman become Turkey and the Habsburg empire came Austria. Russia attempted to give some form of modernization and power to people by making a small political council by Alexander. Alexander make a government organization and give money as well as secret police to stop acts of terror. Habsburgs and Ottomans had a very deep conflict

As harmony still permeated throughout Europe this goodwill would eventually falter given the underlying crises that were about to occur when in 1908 Austria proclaimed the annexation of the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which it had occupied militarily since 1878. This sudden appropriation caused a state of severe international tension among the other countries, especially Serbia in view of the fact that these provinces were mostly Serbian in population. Regrettable this abrupt annexation triggered a tremendous upheaval and outrage from Serbia whose reaction was of pure exasperation since they always looked at Bosnia and Herzegovina as an eventual legacy. Accordingly, because Serbia was for most part a client state of Russia they looked to Russia their ally for help in the matter despite the reality that Russian Foreign Minister had stealthily consented to the Austrian move in return for concessions, but they now decided they must protect. In the summer of

In the seventeenth century, the expansion of Russian peasants would spread into Siberia, changing the landscape and how it was separated. Valerie Kivelson's study of ignored Russian maps in the expansion of the early Russian empire is a major and important work for the comparative social history of migrations and empires in itself. In addition, explores both property and geographical mapping as indications of the distinct display of the Russian state and of the Orthodox faith. The use of maps was crucial for the Muscovy Empire’s complex formation of territories and responsibilities. Which brings back to light, Russian history from a geographical perspective and on how spatial thinking influenced how Muscovites understood and organized the world.

During the early 1900’s, the Ottoman Empire (which included the Balkan region), took a rapid decline. Some Balkan groups struggled to free themselves from the Ottoman Turks, and some had freed themselves from the Turkish rulers. During 1908, the Ottoman Empire’s power hungry neighbors, Austria-Hungary, annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina were two areas within the Balkan

As the Ottomans grew to be a superpower starting in the 16th century, they began to reduce the cohesive power held by Europe. The Turks used The Muslim International Law known as Dâr Al-Harb, stated in the Holy Qur’an to construct relations and truces between other nations. The stregnths within the system included their ability to dominate the Mediterranean Trade. Through passive aggressive military techniques, they were able to keep control of half of the Mediterranean as they shared it with Spain until 1700 in which they’d accomplish complete control of the North African Coast. A weakness spotted in their system was the process of having foreign ambassadors in which they would accept and cherish in their own country, but would never send anyone to do so anywhere (DIPLOMACY 36-37). Thus made them vulnerable to pressure in which Europe would eventually force the Ottomans to abide to the laws brought by Christianity. But nothing can compare to the success of the acts of diplomacy played during the mid/late 18th century. During this time, Russians sought out to sail from the Baltic Sea to the Aegan Sea to the Mediterranean to destroy the Ottoman fleet in Çeşme. So when the second war came around with Czarina Catherine they were able to block of the Russians at The Strait of Gibraltar with the help of the Moroccan ruler, while making arrangements

One of the reasons led to World War One was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian (Fromkin 121). Although multiple reasons have been affiliated to his assassination, most of those reasons revolve around upholding Serbia’s power. On the one hand, Austria-Hungary had planned to attack Serbia since it was at its weakest point due to the adverse effects of the Balkan War they had just undergone (Fromkin 122). On the other hand, Serbia was making an effort to regain control over Bosnia-Herzegovina, which was under the control of Austria-Hungary (Fromkin 122). Before the assassination of Franz, the Bosnia-Herzegovina crisis had heightened to a point where Austria intended to invade Serbia (Fromkin 74). It was evident that Serbia, through the assassination of Franz, was seeking to retain its independence and protect its regions from Austria-Hungary’s influence by intimidating

The Balkan states were all relatively close to the Straits, and they were ambitious in their attempts to gain territory from the “Ottoman empire [which] seemed on the point of collapse.” The fight for this territory became one of several reasons for the initiation

Russia, known by most as the Russian Federation, is a federal state in Eurasia. Russia is the largest country in the world at 17,075,200 square kilometres by surface area, covering more than one eighth of Earth 's inhabited land, and the ninth most populous, with over 146.6 million people as of end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the East, with almost eight-tenths of the population living within the European region of Russia. Russia 's capital, Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe and the world. Its ohter major urban cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.