Fracture Healing: A Case Study

Spinal fusion is categorized into three different categories: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar, in conjunction with the different segments of the spine. Each type of spinal fusion has a different goal depending on the purpose of the surgery. Most surgeries involve fusing vertebrae together to limit its range of motion, thereby hopefully reducing the pain or correcting any physical deformities. Depending on the levels of fusion, spinal fusion surgeries tend to last a few hours. Complications may arise during surgery, and they greatly increase depending the location of the fusion, levels of fusion, and if the surgery crosses any important nerve sites. Levels of spinal fusion are known as the fusion between two different vertebrae. If there is a fusion between L1 and L2, that is known as one level of fusion. If there is another site of fusion at L3 and L4, than there will be two levels of spinal fusion. Lumbar fusion are further complicated when more then one level of performed. By limiting one segment’s range of motion, other segments of the spine will have to compensate and create greater range of motion. With lumbar fusion, most doctors will need to be able to identify why a patient needs lumbar fusion, and being able to identify if lumbar fusion will help alleviate the pain. Most cases of lumbar fusion involve spondylolisthesis, fractures, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, and possibly herniated disk if no other further treatment has proven successful. Most physicians will order an

The Haversian system houses the blood vessels in Mrs. Morgan’s compact bone. The bone tissue sticking out the skin, the bruising and the extensive bleeding from the arm are the signs and symptoms related to the disruption of these structures by her bone fractures. The bleeding and the bone tissue sticking out of the skin shows how the blood vessels within the Haversian system, such as the periosteal arteries supplying the outer area and the nutrient artery which supplies the inner part of bone have been disrupted. The disruption of these arteries within the Haversian system will then make Mrs Morgan’s humerus susceptible to avascular necrosis.

Martini, Frederic, Judi L. Nath, and Edwin F. Bartholomew.Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology. 9th ed. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2012. Print.

The good news is that I am done growing, which means I will stop wearing the scoliosis brace. This is a great relief to me, as the brace I wear 16 hours per day, is like a plastic corset, extremely uncomfortable and confining. The bad news is that my spinal curve has increased yet again. Now, at a 43 degree curve, I meet with a pediatric spinal surgeon. The doctor suggests I wait six more months as he monitors my advancing curve closely, and then the consideration of a spinal fusion is the next step. The fusion is a major surgery where they place two titanium rods in the upper thoracic region of my spine and fuse the affected

Study guide for exam II Allison Hays Ph.D. Spring 2012 Anatomy & Physiology 202 *

Thibodeau (2007). Anatomy and Physiology. 6th ed. China: John C Atherton & Helen L Atherton.

Formation of hematoma When any bone breaks it begins to bleed causing a massive formation of a blood clot known as hematoma. Blood capillaries come in the clot and fibroblasts, macrophages, osteoclasts, and osteogenic cells begin to invade the tissue of the fracture. Then granulation tissue fills in the injury. During this stage inflammation occurs, redness and swelling is visible.

Biology 115 Semester List of Structures Chapter One Anatomy is the study of body structure and the relationship between structures Physiology is the study of how the structures of the body function Levels of Structural Organization Chemical Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Homeostasis Positive feedback loop Negative feedback loop Relative Positions Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior

Course description: Principles and mechanisms of physiological regulation in animals, with a focus on humans.

Medical Diagnosis: Client was diagnosed with a fractured right tibia bone, and fractured right radial bone. Client has diabetes mellitus type one. Client has history of hypertension and was admitted with chest pain following accident. The client fell off her bicycle while walking her dog.

Marieb, Elaine N. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology,VitalSource eBook for DeVry University. Pearson Learning Solutions, 02/2012. VitalBook file.

This paper was prepared for Anatomy and physiology 1 Research Project SCI 135, with a Research Project Number of 40943400 and Student Number of 70634191. The Author could be reached on,

The skeletal system is made up of bones and joints. Bones are a dry dense tissue that is composed of calcium phosphorous and organic matter. The bones are protected and covered by a layer of fibrous connective tissue membrane called the periosteum (Brown, et al., 2015, p. 1547). There are two basic types of bone tissue: Compact Bone and Spongy Bone. Compact bones are dense smooth bones, while Spongy bones are composed of small needle-like pieces of bones and open space. Bones are then categorised according to the shape of the bone into four groups: long, short, flat and irregular. Long bones characteristically are typically longer then they are wide and generally have a shaft with heads at either ends e.g. the humerus. They are mainly compact bones. Short bones

Currently, there is a global increase in cases of bone disorders and conditions, which is expected to increase as twice as much by 2020 particularly in countries where obesity and poor physical activity are associated with aging[1]. Although reconstructive orthopaedic surgery can be used to treat bone defects and injuries caused by trauma, additional treatments are required for severe breaks or pathological conditions as well as critical bone defects due to malformation, cancer or osteoporosis in order to effectively stimulate healing and regeneration. While traditional autologous and allogeneic bone grafting is ineffective for treating large injuries because of lack of graft vascularization, low cell viability in the host, and other

VanPutte, C., Regan, J. Russo, A., Seely, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. 2014. Seely’s Anatomy