Giardiasis Diarrheal Disease

| It is caused by a bacteria called shigella bacteria The bacteria are found in faeces and are spread through poor hygiene; for example, by not washing your hands after having diarrhoea

Very simple steps can be taken in order to prevent the virus, or stop it from spreading. Hand washing with hot soapy water is a must, especially if you believe you may have handled an infected surface. Most importantly, if you are not feeling well or believe you may have been infected, avoid preparing food for others and always make sure to stay home when you are sick to avoid giving it to others.

Making hand washing a habit. Wash hands with soap and water after potential contact with human feces, handling pets, after gardening or contact with soil, before and after food handling, before and after having intercourse. Use alcohol-based cleansers such as hand sanitizers or disinfectants may also be used but not recommended for C.diff spores. Be extra careful with drinking water especially when you go out of the country. Use of proper attire when traveling and going to the mountains to protect self from unwanted animal bites. Make sure that you eat meat that was cooked thoroughly and uncontaminated to avoid food poisoning. Also get vaccines

It is most likely to be passed on from a person infected to another during the time the person feels ill and up to 3 days after symptoms have passed. A person can become infected if they accidentally consume stool or vomit from an infected person by eating or drinking foods or liquids that are contaminated, touching surfaces or objects that are contaminated and not washing hands, or coming in contact with an infected individual. It is more likely to spread in close quarters such as daycare centers, nursing homes, schools, and even cruise ships. The most common period for outbreaks is from November to April.4

The best laboratory test to perform will be an antigen test that will be collected from the duodenal fluid, a microscopic examination of a stool sample that will be collected from Amy and a xTAG GPP Gastrointestinal pathogen panel test, will be tested to better determine what is causing Amy’s discomfort. When testing the stool, we are looking for the presence of any oval cysts and other abnormalities that may be the cause of Amy’s intestinal discomfort (Bauman, R. W., & Machunis-Masuoka, E, 2009). As well as testing the stool sample the laboratory will be testing the duodenal fluid and will be looking to find protein in the fluid and what that specific protein is found will help determine what is bothering the patient Amy Ford (Antigen Tests for Giardiasis, n.d.). However, when testing with a xTAG GPP Gastrointestinal pathogen panel test, the lab technicians are performing a nucleic acid test that detects the presence of specific DNA (Bauman, R. W., & Machunis-Masuoka, E. 2009). Depending on the lab technicians finding will determine what the doctor thinks that patient Amy Ford needs to do to feel

The transmission of this infection is known to be passed from one individual to another by the faecal – oral route.

The best way to reduce the risk of infection is by following these simple measures. You should avoid visiting settings where the virus is easily attracted, such as hospitals or aged care facilities (Johnson, 2012). Other prevention measurements to be taken could be to isolate the host until there has been no vomiting or diarrhoea, washing hands before and after preparing and eating food as well as when using the bathroom. If clothing and bedding has been contaminated they must immediately be removed and thoroughly washed. This must also go for surfaces that have been contaminated as well. Lastly, flush or discard of any vomit and/or faeces in the toilet and make sure that the surrounding area is kept clean (Health, Public fact sheet on norovirus gastroenteritis , 2010). It is not only to the publics benefit if these precautions are taken but it will also secure your

An individual must be sure to wash their hands after expose to public places and avoid contacts with the mouth, eyes, and nose as these areas are prone to possible exposure of the virus. Before preparing a meal, individuals must wash their hands to expel any possible viral particles as poor sanitation leads to infection.

According to the CDC, there are several ways to prevent the spread of C. hominis. Practicing good hygiene is of utmost importance. Washing hands with soap and warm water frequently is one of the best ways to prevent infection. Infected children should be kept home from daycare and school to prevent infection from spreading to their peers. Persons using pools and other public water sources should shower before entering the water and ensure children are clean before entering the water. Minimizing contact with animal feces by wearing protective gloves during clean up and disposal and washing hands after contact.

Giardiasis is a diarrheal infection, caused by the microscopic parasite Giardia lamblia, and one of the most common intestinal parasitic disease affecting humans in the United States. Parasitic organisms need to feed off their host to survive. Giardia lamblia is a pathogenic flagellated protozoan, and the most common flagellate isolated in clinical specimens. However, due to the variability in the concentration of the organisms found in the various stool samples, sensitive and specific fecal immunoassays should be used for detection of the Giardia trophozoites and cysts. While viewing the trophozoite straight on, the ventral view presents a unique symmetrical heart shape, this with the positioning of the organelles provides an image resembling

The second phase of the disease involves the bacteria entering the immune tissue of the small intestine. This causes vomiting and diarrhea, often described as "pea soup." If left untreated, the bacteria can create a hole in the small intestine, causing intestinal matter to flood the abdominal area. If one is lucky enough to survive this illness without treatment, he or she can still be a carrier of the germs long after the symptoms have disappeared.

Passage of three or more loose stools per day is defined as diarrhea. Gastroenteritis is identified as the most common cause of diarrhea in children (Ciccarelli et al., 2013). The child in this case study is described to have a flat, soft abdomen this may indicate that the gastric load has been emptied and the hyperactive bowel sounds may suggest that there is an increase in intestinal motility (Abdullah & Firmansyah, 2013). The stool that the child is passing is liquid with no mucous or blood, this indicates that the gastroenteritis could be of a viral origin such as rotavirus and not of a bacterial origin, as presence of mucus and blood in stool is linked with more invasive germs such as Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter Jejuni (Ciccarelli et al., 2013). Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are common complications following Diarrhea.

Regarding on all those researches that I find, they have helping me understand the concepts of Giardiasis better. Those three are " Medical.News.Today" , "Health. NY.Gov”, “Wolfe Ms 1975.” Giardiasis" Jama 233. They all have the same point of view about Giardiasis its origin and what it causes. Giardiasis is not the same type with Cholera but based on what I experienced I could say they almost the same. I would like to share a little story which similar to it.

Giardia lamblia’s stages are very different to go along with its ability to thrive and survive. The

     Transmission of the parasite can occur in several different ways. Direct transmission can occur by handling infected animal or human feces. One quarter of reported direct transmission infections occurred by direct contact with feces, while the rest were reported to have happened by person to person contact (Donnelly & Stentiford, 1997).