ENSC1001: Global Challenges in Engineering
Waste for Life
Context: Buenos Aires, Argentina
Heng Xu, Maria Hondrade, Ryan Redman, Wen Tan
1-1-2014
Table of Contents
Abstract
Glossary
Abbreviations
Introduction
Background
Buenos Aires, Argentina
The Waste Problem
Project Objectives
Constraints
Economic
Environmental
Social
Design Considerations
Design Matrix [Table]
Discuss each criteria in detail with regard to each solution, i.e. reasoning
CHOSEN PRODUCT in detail
Manufacturing process
Design specifics (CAD)
Implementation
Workers
Stakeholders
Stakeholder summaries (12)
Analysis (Franklin Plot)
Issues & Solutions [Table]
Risk Analysis
Team Dynamics
SWOT Analysis
Team Management
Team member roles
…show more content…
The first is to manufacture recyclable products from the waste plastic that cannot be sold to recycling factories. The second is the development of a calendering machine to improve the efficiency of the Cartoneros. Social, environmental and economic constraints must be considered with regards to the waste problem to ensure that the final solution, is not only appropriate to the context, but is also useful for the residents, cheap to produce and not harmful for the environment.
<<Enter dot-point list of aims (generalised) here.>> Constraints
Economic Constraints
The process of the design must be cost-efficient in order to maximise the profits of the product. Furthermore, due to the cartoneros’ limited funds, there are few choices for available materials. Due to the plight of unemployment in Argentina (Trading economics, 2014), with 7.1 percent unemployment (19 May 2014), the market price of the product needs to be low enough to motivate the locals’ demand and consumption.
Environmental Constraints
Environmental awareness and conservation of the environment are factors that must be considered. According to the research from the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, approximately 17 million hectares of forests were damaged in Argentina from 1980 to 2000 (Blanchard, 2006). This evidence of environmental devastation, it is imperative for the team to design and produce sustainable and reusable products to reduce the ecological
While items such as paper, glass, metal cans, plastic and clothes can all be recycled. However the start up costs of recycling. A good example of an Urban area which has a high rate of waste management is Curitiba which recycles 70% of its waste. In the late 1980’s it was the first city to offer a wide variety of recycling services. Curitiba recycles 2/3 of its household waste this figure is one of the highest in the world. The recycling plants are made up of recycled material and employ people who find it hard to get jobs for example immigrants and disabled people, this makes the employees feel valued and it helps to improve the lives.
Creation of products that reduce energy usage, support sustainable forestry practice, promote cleaner water and less air pollution
Riordan’s four locations are at various stages of recycling and reuse of their plastics. It is suggested that all locations follow sustainability practices set by Riordan. By developing recycling and reuse practices Riordan will realize savings on resources. Part of their immediate EMS would include:
Did you know there is about a million pounds of material in order to provide one average middle-class American family 's needs for one year? In sum, Americans waste or cause to be wasted nearly 1 million pounds of materials per, and did you know that an average person waste is 4.3 pounds per day? Did you also know that the water in the lake and river have about 3 tons?
Did you know there is about a million pounds of material in order to provide one average middle-class American family 's needs for one year? In sum, Americans waste or cause to be wasted nearly 1 million pounds of materials per, and did you know that an average person waste is 4.3 pounds per day? Did you also know that the water in the lake and river have about 3 tons?
America disposes millions of dollars in unsold and out of date food yearly. In fact, four billion tons of food is produced annually, and on average $165 billion of that is wasted (Frasz). Between grocery stores, restaurants, and personal households this total can add up rapidly. Society frequently complains about the unemployed, sick, and poor not having ends meet. However, Americans often contradict themselves by allowing this process of waste to continue daily. These wasted products could be beneficial in numerous ways. For example, donating to charity, food banks, or farmers for animal feed and compost are just a few ideas we could consider other than just throwing our leftovers out. Other countries, such as France are finally starting to counteract against this worldwide situation and the United States should follow in line. America should be implementing techniques to solve this excessive waste problem before the issue becomes out hand.
The American people can be easily swayed into buying whatever they are told, and throwing away anything it replaces. This fatal flaw in society is proved by Vance Packard in his book “The Waste Makers”. He tells how corporations tricked the American public into living a wasteful life where they use something once and throw it away. A concept that had previously been unconceivable, but now was the way of living. He also proves how people had succumbed to buying things for convenience alone and nothing more. These companies did anything in their power to trick the consumer and improve their profit margins. Sometimes to their own dismay they would over sell their products and hurt themselves. Then immediately trick the public into believing another lie. Packard’s findings on the wastefulness of the American economy is irrefutable and unequivocal.
The United States of America has come a long way since its inception. The development of homes, cars, technologies, goods, and services has evolved. Also, the way in which Americans consume has drastically changed. And with all these great things, came solid waste generation, and unfortunately not methods for disposing of it in an environmentally friendly manner. The United States is the top trash-producing country in the world at over 1,600 pounds per person per year. Although the U.S. accounts for 5% of the world’s population, it generates 40% of the world’s waste. According to the Environmental Protection Agency’s Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2010 “Americans generated about 250 million tons of trash and recycled and composted over 85 million tons of materials, resulting in 34.1 percent recycling rate. On average, each American generates about 4.43 pounds of waste each day. Only 1.51 pounds of that material were recycled and composed” (EPA, 2010).
The author gives a historical analysis on the management of waste in the United States shifting from a historical description to an analysis of the general influence of political and economic forces that shape the way we manage waste today. Throughout most of history, recycling has primarily occurred as a result of a scarcity of material. This becomes clear in the first chapter where the author talks about how the availability of pulpwood and rags was extremely low due to war outcome, therefore the government called upon the citizens to supply old rags in exchange of other goods. These are the first steps of recycling in the United States. The author explains that first the word “recirculate” was used to describe the recirculation of water
The factories that make the garbage that we purchase give off a ton of pollution. A lot of those factories work with plastic which is terrible for the environment. The air pollution levels rose fourteen percent from 1990 to 2008. The gas let out into the air and the products made just create more problems for the world. The factories waste energy and natural resources and eventually we won’t have anything to make other products that would be more useful. So much money goes into making useless garbage and that money could be used to make more useful and important things like new roads and new businesses.
Taking a “less harm” approach is often the first step in evaluating the impact of a product 's life cycle on the environment beginning from the abstraction of raw materials, manufacturing, production, consumption, and ending with dematerialization. Although, “no one tool is adequate to the task of measuring
• Implement the use of recycled materials such as bags and other packaging and also reduce their use.
At the Coca-Cola Company, packaging plays an imperative function to the business in reaching customer demands and avoiding waste by securing the products during delivery. To make a boost in development, they are approaching sustainable packaging, new ideas include resource reduction, recyclability, using more recycled and renewable supplies, and getting consumers to take part in this beneficial campaign. Research demonstrates that easier access to recycling bins is an indispensable component that expands restoration of recyclables in communities. As a result, Coca-Cola pushed to supply several thousands of bins in neighborhood, annually. They also invest in bottle-to-bottle recycling plants around the globe. Coca-Cola is working towards progressing their own sustainability initiatives in their product’s packaging. In order to obtain this goal they have ideas to use less material, make packaging 100% recyclable, and increase renewable material in their packaging. After collaborating as a team, they came up with the ambitions of working with partners to restore and recycle 75% of the cans and bottles developed by 2020. So far Coca-Cola’s progress is predicted to be on track, with an estimated 61% bottle and can renovation. Consequently, Coca-Cola made a shorter-term goal as well, aiming to recycle 50% of bottles and cans
We, humans, are producing waste every day, polluting and destroying our planet. To save the world, many people believe recycling is the obvious solution. It is the process of converting certain waste into a reusable material. Therefore, the recycle motto is “Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle”. However, have you ever wondered why the word recycle is placed at the end? Well, it’s because it is not the only way to reduce waste and save the world from global warming. Recycling may have many advantages, but its disadvantages’ list is not a short one either. Recycling may look very simple and easy method, but when there is a need for a new unit of waste recycling, it takes up a lot of space. Not to mention the amount of money the building costs along with paying the staffs, buying new utility vehicles, upgrading the recycling unit and different types of chemical disposals. It is not only expensive but also, unhygienic, unsafe and unsightly with piles of waste materials on every location. These wastes spread infectious diseases putting human health at risk. Aside from recycling
Recycling is an essential component of speedy and efficient waste management. Non-biodegradable wastes and products sapping precious natural resources, essentially trees, and fossil fuels can wreak havoc on our environment and bio-diversity ("Recycling", 2017). My goal is to start an at home recycling program by following the correct steps to be taken that will not only benefit me but will also help the environment. There will be critical timelines for implementing these action steps and ways to measure progress towards achieving my plan. I will also need to find out what barriers I might encounter during the process and how to overcome them. After that, I should find support resources to help me tie everything together and ensure that I am following my plan and getting as much information as possible.