Going Off Script Summary

Revisions for the 7th edition by Eric D. Yordy, The W. A. Franke College of Business

Copyright © 2011 Harvard Business School Publishing This document is for use only with the Harvard Business Publishing ‘Case

This paper was conducted as a Discussion Board Post assigned by Professor J. Reinke of: Liberty University, Graduate School of Business, Lynchburg, Virginia 24515.

Fall 2009 This case was prepared by Itir Karaesmen and Inbal Yahav of Robert H. Smith School of Business at University of Maryland, College Park. The names, locations, and other information included

While the physical, emotional and social aspects with aging may be experienced in varying degrees and in a variety of ways, the milestone of retirement is a prospect that is universal in the Western world. In most countries, the idea of retirement is of recent origin, being introduced during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Previously, low life expectancy and the absence of pension arrangements meant that most workers continued to work until death. Nowadays most developed countries have systems to provide pensions on retirement in old age, which may be sponsored by employers and/or the state. Today, retirement with a pension is considered a right of the worker in many societies. ("Retirement," 2013, p. 1) Retirement is a milestone which, to most, marks the entrance to “old age”, the point at which an individual is socially recognized for their long years of service and permitted to spend the remainder of their “golden years” enjoying the fruits of their labors. While this perspective is an ideal, retirement carries with it a social status that can be both beneficial, when viewed as a reward, and detrimental, when considered by the retiree to be a sign of being obsolete. Preparing for the changes that come with retirement, and in this day and age the inability to

Costa, D. L. (1998). The evolution of retirement: Summary of a research project. The American Economic Review, 88(2), 232-236. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/233045640?accountid=41759

Within our contemporary society, individuals are constantly changing in order to hold their jobs. The continuous development of technology is a threat to workers as it causes individuals to be apprehensive of machines that can replace their careers. Emma Jacobs, who interviewed five individuals for the Financial times, demonstrates distinct perspectives on the most efficient method to approaching an obstacle in one’s career. Lynda Gratton and Erik Brynjolfsson believe that one must change as technology gradually develops by attaining certain skills and having a new perspective towards a career they adore. Meanwhile, Martin Ford believes that only the government can assist individuals on how to future-proof their career. Nonetheless, even

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This report will explain what demographic and personality factors among retirees that are correlated with the

Firstly, a key influence on retirement is gender. James M. Henslin, author of “Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach” uses the term gender age to describe how gender has influence on retirement. Gender age can be portrayed as the relative value assigned to men and women by their length of life (Henslin, 372). Symbolic interactionists use four factors to determine whether a person is considered old or not. These include biology, personal history, gender age, and societies idea of old (Henslin, 372). This is significant since gender age plays a crucial role in determining when age cohorts, or people born at around similar time and progress through life in conjunction, are considered old in societies standards. In addition, not only gender, but

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Even though they grew up in different parts of the country neither one of the participants were aware of retirement when they were younger. According to Schultz, the idea of “retirement is relatively a new phenomenon, and it was not until the Industrial Revolution, the creation of Social Security, and company pension benefits were created in the first half of the 20th century that individuals were able to cease employment while they were still otherwise able to work” (Schultz, 2011, p. 170). Since retirement was still relatively a new concept for the participants they could plan their retirement according to their desires and not be forced to follow a certain prototype.

This research is being submitted on March 9, 2014, for Dr. Reshowrn Thomas’s BUSI-604 International Business course.

This document is authorized for use only by Albertina Dias at ISG Business School until September 2013. Copying

SUBMITTED TO PROF. NEIL COHEN School of Business and Public Management The George Washington University