Gold Naotechnology Essay

Biotechnological solutions to a variety of illnesses, surgical procedures, genetic exploits and a myriad of other things are now in the form of nanotechnology. Big pharmaceutical companies now refer to many of their medications, in fact, as nanomedicines, which alludes to the nanotechnological inputs in pills that improve delivery methods and even deploy nanoparticles for specific purposes on occasion. A new study actually illustrates how attaching RNA nanoparticles that masquerade as antibodies to microvesicles capable of delivering RNA therapeutics to cancer cells.

Hugh Savagè has liver cancer. Chemotherapy failed, surgery failed. In a last ditch attempt to save his own life, Hugh signs up for a miracle trial using nanotechnology. In this trial, the widely-used chemotherapy drug Epirubicin was attached to nanodiamonds (carbon structures with a diameter of about five nanometres) to cultivate a nanodiamond-Epirubicin drug delivery complex (EPND). Researchers have found that while both the usual Epirubicin and EPND are capable of killing normal cancer cells, only EPND is capable of killing chemo resistant cancer stem cells and preventing secondary tumour formation in xenograft models of liver cancer.

Breast cancer is turning to be one of the top killer women in the world. This kind of cancerous tumor is attacking breast tissue of woman. A disease in which abnormal cells in the breast divide and multiply in an uncontrolled fashion. The cells can invade nearby tissue and can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to others part of the body and start to kill the organ one by one. By giving a breast cancer treatment will decrease the number of population who has this illness. Because so many different women have contracted breast cancer, many forms of treatment have been developed to attend to their specific needs. New research and development in the area of breast cancer allow Americans several

Nanocarriers (NCs) have emerged as a favored drug delivery approach towards improving the anticancer benefits of several bioactives for cancer therapy with recent reports showing the application of NC systems in clinical settings [18]. The NCs with size < 100 nm have been associated with enhanced permeation and retention effect (EPR) due to the presence of leaky vasculature in the tumor tissues which contributes to its enhanced efficacy. Also recently, NCs have shown to be effective in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma [19]. A recent study by Kanai et al. showed that the NC albumin-bound paclitaxel and carboplatin (nabPC) repetitively achieved tumor regression in malignant mesothelioma

Nanobots are invented to solve problems concerning cancer. Uncontrolled mitosis leads to cancer which have higher tendency to happen when mechanism that controls the cell is distrupted. In 2012, according to the World Health Organization, cancer is one of the leading cause of fatal. In Canada, approximately 30% of deaths are caused by cancer and abouy 191,300 new cases of cancer are expected in the year 2014. Annually, 14.1 milllon of new cases were reported while globally, there were 8.2 billion of deaths. Cancer cells need to compete with normal cells to obtain sufficient nutrient and energy for growth. Cancer cells divide out of control and are able to able to spread to other cell, tissue and organ which will result in malfunction and death.

The Paclitaxel is proved to be more active in patients who are disease resistant to or who got relapse after the treatment with anthracyclines. The nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel (Nab.Paclitaxel) which is free of solvents was compared with polyethylated castor oil based conventional paclitaxel (Con.Paclitaxel) in patients with metastatic breast cancer who were failed in their first line chemotherapy. This study was done to analyse the efficacy and safety of both drugs.

Cancer lies resting in all of us; all the living organisms such as our bodies are consistently making defective cells1. This is how tumors are developed. Our bodies are provided with a number of mechanisms that can detect and keep such cells in check1. Breast Cancer (BC), is the most common malignancy found in women worldwide, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality2. These breast tumors are made up of different characteristics of breast cancer cells3. However, toxicity and chemoresistance are the main reasons that limit the treatments in BC cases to become successful4. Major treatment strategies for breast cancer consist of either radiotherapy, surgery and/or chemotherapy2. The chances of surviving when patients receive

One out of every eight women in the US is diagnosed with breast cancer every year. When women get older, their chances of developing breast cancer increases. In fact, 80% of all breast cancer patients are women ages fifty and up. As the number of breast cancer patients increases year after year, identification methods and treatments are beginning to advance. Doctors and pathologists are using the highest levels of technology to treat abnormalities inside of the body. The tumor is discovered through either mammography or self-breast examinations. Through these methods, doctors are able to discover the tumor and decide on what treatment is right for each patient. When it comes to treating breast cancer, there are multiple treatment options; the type and severity of the cancer help the doctor decide the optimal treatment plan for each patient.

Cancer is one of the main threats to health as the second cause of death after heart disease[1]. Approximately 7.6 million people per year worldwide die from cancer and there tends to be an increase in the number of cancer patients each year[2]. One type of cancer is breast cancer that occurs due to disruption of the system of cell growth in breast tissue[3]. This type of cancer most commonly suffered by women worldwide. In Indonesia, there are 48 thousand cases of breast cancer with 21.4% of deaths in women[4]. Cancer treatment method widely used today are surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted protein therapies aimed to remove the cancerous tissue or make cancer cell death, but the method induces side effects on normal

Cancer lies dormant in all of us; all living organisms such as our bodies are making defective cells all the time (1). This is how tumors are developed. Our bodies are also equipped with a number of mechanisms that detect and keep such cells in check (1). Breast Cancer (BC), is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality (2). These breast tumors are comprised of phenotypically diverse populations of breast cancer cells (3). However, chemoresistance and toxicity are the main causes that limit the success of treatment in aggressive BC cases (4). Major treatment strategies for breast cancer consist, either separately or in combination of, radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy (2).

In the United States, 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. The investigation into effective post-surgery treatments for prevention of breast cancer recurrence and tissue restoration is paramount. Current post-lumpectomy therapies are purely cosmetic, involving breast reduction or simply reconstructing the breast with traditional silicone implants. There is a great need for a medical implant that not only restores the removed breast tissue, but also helps prevent new tumors from forming. Our group has developed a collagen-tannic acid bead material that could greatly aid in breast tissue regeneration and prevention of tumor

Breast implant with nano ‘bed of- nails deter cancer cells. This technology is an implant that appears to deter breast cancer cells growth. It is made from a common polymer that is the first to modified at the nanoscale. It has nanoscale surface that impedes cancerous cells from gathering the nutrients they need to thrive because of the lack of blood-vessel. The implant attracts healthy breast cells formation instead. Thomas Webster, associate professor, created a breast implant with bed of- nails surface at the nanoscale that deters cancer cells from dwelling and thriving. It’s a surface that’s hospitable to healthy breast cells and less so for cancerous breast cells. The bed of- nails inside the surface of the implant prevents cancerous cells

Aptamers have impressive advantages over antibodies[5]: (i) the in vitro selection process does not require the use of animals or cell culture which enables toxic or non-immunogenic targets aptamer selection;(ii) their generation through in vitro selection enables ready tuning of binding and specificity properties; (iii) their active structure can be reversibly formed by thermal denaturation and cooling; (iv) they exhibit excellent chemical stability and shelf-life; (v) their chemical synthesis is predictable and scalable.

Aptamers are short DNA or RNA oligonucleotides with high, specific affinity to a special target. The name was originated from aptus that means "to fit" and meros that shows the polymer identity of oligonucleotides (1, 2). Aptamer characteristics provide prominent potential applications in multiple fields.These nucleic acid ligands are completely generated through in vitro process for a wide range of targets from small molecules and ions to large proteins and cells and even whole organism or tissue. Their chemical modifications could be easily performed to improve the intended specificity. Meanwhile, they keep their stability against various conditional stresses and show lower toxicity and immunogenicity than other specific ligands e.g. monoclonal antibodies. Because of the high specificity, adaptability, and ease of modification, aptamers have been used in a broad range of applications, including affinity purification, drug discovery, high-throughput screening, drug delivery, medical diagnostics and biosensors (3-5).

Colorectal cancer is one of the fatal diseases of this era with quite higher incidence rate. Due to a high fatality rate, health organizations and researchers are continuously looking for new and better management options. In this strive, nanotechnology served as a major and novel treatment methodology with betterment and more optimum outcomes. Work is carried out with respect to colo-rectal malignancies where nano-particles are either used as diagnostic tools or they serve as treatment tools for targeted drug delivery to the tumor cells. This all leads to more specific and sensitive drug delivery to site of action thus minimizing the dose associated and non-specific drug delivery side-effects. The following review article will address such efforts and their impact to reduce disease burden, thus improving future prospects of the disease.