Health Promotion Model

Health promotion includes providing activities that improve a person’s health. These activities assist patients to “maintain or enhance their present levels of health. Health promotion activities motivate people to act positively to reach more stable levels of health” (Potter & Perry, 2005, p. 97). In order for nurses to assist patients in obtaining healthy lifestyles, they must first assess a patient’s perception of health. The World Health Organization defines health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (as cited in Potter & Perry, 2005, p. 91). There are many nursing theories that are based on an individual’s perception of health. This paper will

Diabetes is a serious medical condition that can also be a risk factor for the development of many different diseases and conditions including dementia, heart disease, and CVA. Thus, effective management of diabetes is very important. Patient compliance can be difficult to achieve if the person affected with diabetes is not educated about the illness or treatment, has not fully accepted the diagnosis or its severity, will not change habits or believes that the prescribed treatment regime is too difficult or ineffective, has cultural beliefs conflicting with the treatment regime, experiences stressful events, lacks social support, or suffers from psychiatric issues unrelated to diabetes (Gerard, Griffin, & Fitzpatrick, 2010). As one may expect, adequate education programs are essential tools when dealing with diabetics. Solid education will provide the patient with information as well as teaching the necessary skills to manage the disorder. The primary focus of any diabetes education program must be to empower patients as a part of the multidisciplinary team. This team should be focused at integrating diabetes into the lives of the patients and this focus should be based on the decisions made by the patient, otherwise the treatment plan can be looked on as forced (Gerald et al., 2010). Every patient stricken with diabetes has the right to benefit from an education program of this type. First, basic education and facts should be administered directly following the diagnosis of

Diabetes has become an epidemic in today’s society. Diabetes affects almost every system in the body, and with an estimated 346 million people in the world with diabetes, healthcare has been heavily affected by the disease (Ramasamy, Shrivastava, P., & Shrivastava, S., 2013). One of the biggest issues for healthcare workers when it comes to diabetes, is that it is such a complicated disease. With so many different systems being affected, medical professionals have had to learn how the disease process works, what causes diabetes to work through the systems, and the best treatments to address all these issues. Through much research, the healthcare system has grown very knowledgeable on diabetes. One important aspect of treating diabetes has been in the introduction of diabetic education. In the past, nurses and dieticians had been responsible for educating patients on diabetes, but now that role is also extended to other people in the healthcare team, including the patient (Tomky, 2013). In fact, patients taking an active role in the education process, including learning to self-care has now become a priority in diabetes treatment. The following paper will discuss diabetic education, the importance of self-care and how this affects a patient’s compliance.

Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuous medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications[ ].

An approach helps the promoter to make decisions on how they will approach the clients in giving the information needed for that certain approach (Naidoo & Wills, 2004). An approach will “determine the diversity in concept of health, influence of health and ways of measuring health lead” (Naidoo & Wills, 2004). Each approaches have different aims, methods and means of evaluation as well as different objectives on preventing diseases (Ewles & Simnet, 2003), ensuring the people or clients are well informed and are able to make their own health choice, help the client to acquire their own skill and confidence to “take greater control over their health” (Naidoo & Wills, 2004) and to be able to change policies and environments in order to facilitate healthy choices (Naidoo & Wills, 2004).

The World Health Organisation (WHO) identified that health promotion was a way of equipping people to have more power enabling them to make choices in regard to improving their well-being (WHO 1986). Ewles and Simnett (2003) determine from this, that the fundamental elements of health promotion

In fact, Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the US and the leading cause of kidney failure, lower-limb amputations, and adult-onset blindness, (CDC, 2015). Patient diagnosed with diabetes have increased risks of comorbidities and death over those without Diabetes. Without weight loss and moderate physical activity, 15% to 30% of those with pre-diabetes will develop diabetes within 5 years. Ongoing patient self-management education and support are critical to reducing the risk of long-term complications. The role patients’ involvement is vital in the management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nurse Practitioners should strive in developing a plan of care that is built upon their patients concerns and priorities.

Because we are all physiologically the same there are factors that must be addressed in all Diabetics

Effective patient outcomes occur when nurses strive to treat the whole patient, taking into account the individual’s culture, preferences, values, and desires. Pender’s Health Promotion Model parallels this nursing concept by focusing on the patient’s unique characteristics. Traditionally, nurses’ relationships with patients position them in a way that influences their health behavior. This impact is more successful if the nurse-patient relationship is strong and a level of trust has developed (Petiprin, 2016-a). In this post, I will list the healthy lifestyle activities that I currently practice, choose three healthy activities that I am not practicing, and explain how I could incorporate them into my life.

A patient is referred to the medical center by a physician after which the doctor, patient, and pharmacist collaborate the best option for a successful health plan. The American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) came up with a framework to generate an ideal practice of Diabetes Self-Management Training (DSMT). The process was an interactive and collaborative one that convoluted a patient with a diabetic educator(s). “The steps of the procedure were comprised of assessing an individual’s educational needs, determining one’s self-management goals, educational and behavioral intervention, and evaluating the progress of a patient” (Shane-McWhorter, 2005). The educational behaviors that have been identified as essential to living a healthy lifestyle are called the AADE7TM. The behaviors include: healthy eating, physical activity, medication taking, monitoring, problem solving, healthy coping, and reducing risks. Pharmacists and their patients then set accomplishable goals based on those practices and after determined time periods evaluate the patients’ progress (Shane-McWhorter, n.d.).

Diabetes is associated with wide range of complications such as chronic renal failure, blindness, amputations, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and neuropathy (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). There is no known cure for diabetes, but the disease can be controlled through health management that includes multiple perspectives of care such as medications, blood glucose monitoring, diet, nutrition, screening for long-term complications and regular physical activity (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). Managing diabetes may be complicated and requires the knowledge and skills of both healthcare providers and the clients. Studies have shown that to prevent or delay diabetic complications due to diabetes, counseling and other lifestyle interventions are the effective therapy. Even with many policies set up for diabetes, 8.1 million Americans are undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and approximately 86 million Americans ages 20 and older have blood glucose levels that considerably increase their risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus in the next several years (CDC, 2015). For diabetes care to be successful there needs to be a good understanding of the disease and management by both patients and healthcare providers,

Health promotion utilises theories and models to guide practice. A theory is the general principles of a framework of ideas in regards to a particular topic. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016) A model is a set plan of action based on theoretical ideas to achieve a set goal. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016)

The main purpose of health promotion is to heighten people’s motivation to strive for optimal health, while assisting them in making lifestyle modifications that will help them advance their wellbeing to an ideal state. Modifications of the unfavorable way of living can be enabled through a

“The major goals of health promotion are to help people of all ages stay healthy, optimize health in cases of chronic disease or disability, and create healthy environments” (Pender et al., 2015). This health promotion project is designed to identify and reduce the risk factors associated with several illnesses and disease processes. This project will focus on changing lifestyle behaviors and providing up to date education for the patient to make the best informed decision regarding her environment, health behaviors, and developing a support system with her primary care physician.

The health promotion model is a theory of nursing that was developed by Dr. Nola Pender. Her theory was first proposed in 1982 and then revised in 1996. Dr. Pender was influenced by the work of James Hall, who studied people’s behavior and its correlation to health. Her work is a middle-range theory, as there are specific concepts that are observable, that she designed to be a counterpart to models of health protection in which health is simply viewed as the absence of illness. Pender’s theory was critiqued using the criteria from Fawcett (2005). Although there are limitations to Pender’s health promotion model, her theory is the best to use in nursing as it focuses on the promotion of individualized optimal health and produces increased positive outcomes.