History Primary Sources

6. What specific actions did Hammurabi take in his attempt to provide for the good order of society and the basic welfare of his subjects?

The sunnah refers to the way Muhammad lived, which provides a model for the duties and the way of life expected of Muslims.

iii.The trade introduced new products to Europe and European products to peoples around the world.

Ghana: wealthy because of gold; declined because of loss of trade, drought, and pressure from outside forces

Coffee originated from Ethiopia and quickly spread to Arabia Felix; which is known today as Yemen.

1) According to Jared Diamond, the factor that allowed Europeans to develop the forces necessary to conquer vast portions of the world was the geography of the land Europeans lived on.

Some of the values of the culture I visited were the religious values. They were all Christians and most of them were from different parts of Africa. They believe in god and believe that he was the king of the universe, I could tell by the way they sing and the way they participated. They also believe in Jesus, based on how they had the statue of Jesus in the center of the church. They also saw each other as a community, as a church. They all looked really united and even though many of them didn’t knew each other they great each other like they did, because that probably might be a norm for them.

1. Conquistador: It is the Spanish word corresponding to explorer or conqueror. It refers to the Spanish explorers who conquered new territories, especially the Americas, in the name of Spain. Examples of conquistadores were Hernando Cortes, who defeated the Aztec Empire and conquered Mexico in the early 16th century, and Francisco Pizarro, who triumphed over the Inca Empire.

Vincent Hoy 4/9/2014 Professor J. Duran History 101 / Spring 2014 Book Report Guide #1 A Perspective on Gentleman’s History In Michael Parenti’s, “The Assassination of Julius Caesar”, Parenti claims that Julius Caesar’s assassination was not an incident, and that his death would actually represent the war between the wealthy, powerful conservatives who call themselves, “gentleman historians” and positive supported lower-class citizens that believed in Caesar’s reforms. Since Caesar was gaining such an incredible amount of power and support from his people, the senate feared that Caesar’s influence would be push these reforms onto the lower-class citizens, and it would threaten and put the upper-classes privileged interests at risk. The

Depending on the time period and context, memoirs can have several purposes: to tell a story, to make meaning of an experience, and to reflect or teach. For example, in Engle Margarita’s memoir entitled “Enchanted Air: Two Cultures, Two Win”, the author’s purpose is to tell an interesting story about she is a person who grows up of two different cultures -- Cuba and California. She also makes a meaning of her experience -- how important influence is the two countries had brought to her growth. He/she achieves this purpose by using the following elements: memories & meanings and self-reflection.

The students will be given iPads and asked to find and list three Primary Historic sources and three secondary sources and write them into their learning journal. They will also be asked to justify their choices.

If historians were to only use primary sources from one perspective, they would lose the chance to know different point of views. Take into consideration Joseph Galloway’s Speech to the Continental Congress. It is clear that he is trying to persuade the colonists not to go against Britain. Now, this speech is a primary source because is a document that provides explicit information about an event. But, a couple of years later, Thomas Paine writes the pamphlet “Common Sense”, where he advocates the country to be independent from Britain. If historians were only to use Joseph Galloway’s primary source, they would never be able to know that not everyone was thinking the same way of him. In order to fully understand what is the cause or the causes that lead to different events in history, it is important to be familiar to every kind of document regarding that period. Read and analyze every prime source of that period to have a complete and neat vision of the

interviews of people who have or know people who have experienced historical events of the past. For this essay, I chose to take an oral history of the civil rights movement and the great migration. Preserving the memories of the individuals that lived during these historical events allows for many things in addressing the silence of African American experiences within U.S. History. First, memories and recollections taken from oral histories may differ from the perspectives of those who have appear on historical records or may be completely absent from any other documentations. Also, because cameras and video cameras were not as easily accessible as they are today, the majority of history is documented from peoples’ memories through letters, diaries, and oral history interviews. In addition, taking an oral history allows me to ask specific questions towards what I am are interested in documenting about the civil rights movement and the great migration. Lastly, oral histories are somewhat viewed as a “revisionist” to the study of both the civil rights movement and the great migration because it takes firsthand accounts of those participating on campaigns and protests and also of those were watching from afar and allows readers to understand each individual part of what made the movement as a whole.

Imagine being able to tell stories for generations to come without ever having to write down a single word. Oral tradition is used to pass stories down from generation to generation through different forms of communication without any writing system. Oral tradition stories are told by word of mouth, riddles, storytelling, and songs. It cannot be changed although the narrator might embellish it. Oral tradition is how Africans perceived the past. The significance of oral Tradition is due to the stories holding so much information and knowledge. Oral tradition contributed to understanding pre-colonial history because the pre-colonial Africa was influenced by two major movements which are the expansion of islam and the dispersion of the bantu. Oral tradition gave us the perspective as to why the expansion and dispersion took place. Oral tradition has its strengths and weaknesses. A strength of oral tradition is that it is being told from word of mouth and more people will listen to a good storyteller than to go read a book about the history. However, a weakness of oral tradition is that many of the stories get forgotten, left out, or embellished. With each re-telling the story gets further and further away from the original. Oral tradition is a primary way of conveying culture and is a way of life in African history.

2. Translated by Samuel Lee, The Travels of Ibn Battuta. 51-68, 139-168, 172-176, 181-183, 199-206.