Hodgkin Lymphoma Case Studies

According to Cancer Treatment Centers of America some common symptoms of NHL include fever, night sweats, chills, persistent fatigue, lethargy, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain or swelling, skin rash, itchy skin (pruritus), coughing, shortness of breath, headache, difficulty moving, pain in the chest, abdomen or bones for no reason, and swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck, underarms, or groin. (Non-Hodgkin) Certain symptoms of lymphomas are similar to those of an infection; consequently, doctors usually test for infection and then order a biopsy of the enlarged lymph node or other affected area when they believe that the swelling is not caused by infection. (Test) There are many different types of biopsies. The two most common types of biopsies are excisional and incisional biopsies. An excisional biopsy is when a doctor removes the entire lymph node. An incisional biopsy is when a small part of a larger tumor or node is removed.

* Chemotherapy: Using special medicines or drugs to shrink or kill the cancer, Drugs include pills or IV. (Maybe both)

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a type of cancer that starts in the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, which is a part of the immune system. The cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in almost any part of the body can become cancerous. There are two kinds of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma; Classic Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and

Lymphomas are considered malignant nodes. Studies have shown there are two different types of lymphomas; Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Both lymphomas are one in the same; the only difference being Non-Hodgkin’s disease first manifestation begins with a large, painless node. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is categorized by malignant cells found in the lymph nodes. The first common sign is normally a localized lymph node found in the neck region (VanMeter& Huebert, 2014). Later, as the disease progresses it attacks the other nodes and organs via the lymphatic system. The manifestations that are accompanied by Hodgkin’s lymphoma are semi-large painless, but nontender node. Other, later signs and symptoms include frequent infections, due

Hodgkin disease (lymphoma) is known as the type of disease or cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphosites and known to be part of the immune system. Hodgkin disease or lymphoma is known for attacking your lymph nodes. It can cause many symptoms. The Hodgkin disease attacked my dad when he was 30 years old, which was when I was 2 years old. This disease can take take lives away but you can also survive this.

This type of cancer starts in one’s white blood cells, called lymphocytes. Two different types of lymphomas are Hodgkin disease and Non-Hodgkin. The lymph system is a main part of the immune system. This part of the immune system helps fight off infections inside the body, and other sorts of diseases. Lymphoid tissue, a part of the lymphocytes, is in many different parts of a human body.

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin’s disease, is a cancer that effects part of the immune system. The lymphatic system is knots of tissue. Lymph nodes work as tiny filters, straining out foreign organisms and cells. The lymphatic system provides important white blood cells called lymphocytes. The body has a reaction to infection that may cause lymph nodes to swell and get tender As Hodgkin’s Lymphoma progresses it makes it more difficult for the body to fight infection. Lymphoma occurs when the lymph node cells begin to multiply uncontrollably; this can lead to producing malignant cells that have the ability to invade other tissues throughout the body. It is common in two different age groups 15-35 and older adults over age 50. It is slightly more common in males, and Caucasians. There has been some progress in treating Hodgkin’s lymphoma, most people with this diagnosis will be long term survivors.

Hodgkin Lymphoma is a form of cancer that attacks its victims indiscriminately. Hodgkin disease (Hodgkin lymphoma) is a type of lymphoma, a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are part of the immune system ("What is Hodgkin disease?”,2016). Hodgkin Lymphoma is an area in the cancer world where we have made great strides overall in terms of success. We have the highest rate of success in curing Hodgkin Lymphoma vs. other cancers. Although the disease in question acts indiscriminately, the treatment for it does not and is the cause of lower outcomes among certain groups. The outcome for poor Black and Hispanic people is much lower than their Caucasian counterparts (Dallas, 2016)

lymphoreticular cells. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumor that occurs in dogs. It can be found in various sites throughout the body but is significantly more commonly located among the lymphoid tissues, including lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. Lymphomas are most commonly found in middle aged and older dogs. Multicentric lymphoma, which is the most common kind of lymphoma that makes up 84 percent of lymphomas found in dogs, presents itself with a vast array of symptoms. The primary symptom of multicentric lymphoma is enlarged peripheral lymph nodes, the mandibular and prescapular lymph nodes in particular. Other symptoms include but are not limited to, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, emaciation, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, dyspnea, polydipsia and ascites. There are 5 stages of lymphoma in domestic animals, which are further classified into having systemic signs and not showing any systemic signs. Stage I is when the tumor is limited to a single node or

The most common sign of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a lump under the arm, in the neck, or groin, which is an enlarged lymph node (6). The lump does not typically hurt, but the area may become tender after consuming alcohol (6). The lump could grow larger over time and new lumps may appear within the same vicinity, or even different parts of the body (6). Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is not the only cause of lymph node swelling. Most enlarged lymph nodes are caused by an infection, these are referred to as reactive or hyperplastic nodes (6). This type of swelling is typically painful to touch and will return to normal size within a few weeks after the infection is gone (6).

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a type of lymphoma; it is also called Hodgkin’s Disease. Lymphoma is a type of cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes. If Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is caught early (stage one and two), patients have up to a ninety percent chance of survival. Certain risk factors can be controlled, but most of them are uncontrollable.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Hodgkin’s disease) “…is a malignant condition characterized by proliferation of abnormal giant, multinucleated cells, called Reed Sternberg cells, which are located in the lymph nodes.” (Lewis, p. 669) According to Medscape, “The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes Hodgkin’s lymphoma into five types. Nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depleted, and lymphocyte rich are the four types referred to as classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The fifth type, nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), is a distinct entity with unique clinical features and a different treatment paradigm.” (Lash, 2015) In classical Hodgkin’s disease, monocytes and macrophages cause hyperplasia in the lymph nodes causing destruction of lymph tissue. According to Lewis, “the disease is believed to arise in a single location (it originates in

Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, and targeted drug therapy are all forms of treatment for ALL. Chemotherapy is typically used as induction therapy for kids and adults. Chemotherapy can also be used in consolidation and maintenance therapies. Chemotherapy is given in a variety of ways. It can be given orally as a pill or liquid. It can be given intravenously by infusion into a vein. A cream on the skin can be given. Chemotherapy can also be given by direct placement either via lumbar puncture or a device placed just under the scalp. Radiation therapy uses high-powered beams, such as x-rays, to kill the cancer cells. Radiation therapy is usually recommended when the cancer has spread to the central nervous

     Radiation is another type of treatment. Radiation therapy uses a special machine to deliver high energy rays that damage cancer cells and stop then from growing. These rays may be detected in the entire body, or they may be focused on certain area where leukemia cells are collecting.( Disease facts and statistics, 30)

Copstead and Banasik (2012) describe the pathophysiology of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma as being similar to that of other malignant cancers. All of the tumor cells originate from a single gene mutant precursor cell. It is believed that viruses such as the Epstein-Barr virus and the human T cell leukemia virus, type 1(HTLV) can actually cause some lymphomas like the Burkitt lymphoma and Adult T-cell lymphoma to develop. The authors maintain that Non-Hodgins’s lymphoma are more likely to spread early in comparison with Hodgkin disease. Most of the time these people with Non-Hodgins’s lymphoma are often diagnosed at stage III or stage IV of the disease. Overall, there is a 5-year survival rate for all of the different types of lymphoma (p.229).