Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region Of China Essay

Tuberculosis has long been a disease that the human culture has been dealing with which entails significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. With dealing with such a horrific disease over the years, discoveries and evolution on the appropriate ways to contain, diagnose, and challengingly treat the disease has changed. One of the most concerning complications of this worldwide public health issue is the ability for it to quickly spread in high populated areas while becoming ever more resistant to forms of treatment not available in all locations around the world. This is a serious public

Tuberculosis has been a persistent threat to the human race as far back as Hippocrates (c.460-c.370 BC). Globally, tuberculosis has infected millions during waves, often killing scores of people at a time, and then receding giving it an almost supernatural quality (Daniel, 2006). In recent history tuberculosis has been recorded in all corners of the world, and currently infects one third of the global population. In 2012, TB was responsible for killing 1.3 million people, making it the second largest fatal disease next to AIDS. The purpose of this paper is to describe tuberculosis, explain contributing factors, describe the disease in relation to the epidemiologic triangle, and finally

TB is still proven to be a top killer around the world, and with more cases of drug resistant TB being reported daily, the cost of treating and preventing this disease will continue to be on the rise.

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

According to the World Health Organization, tuberculosis (TB) is the number two killer worldwide due to a single infectious agent (WHO, 2017). In 2015, 10.4 million new cases have been identified and 1.8 million people have died from this disease (WHO, 2017). TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium TB, and the majority of TB deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. This disease is curable and preventable, but the lack of access to proper healthcare and medication administration makes it a concern for the most of the world’s population. TB is an airborne disease that can transmit when an infected person coughs, sneezes, spits, laughs, or talks. The majority of TB cases can be cured when the right medications are available and

Hi my name is Tyree Coleman and today I will inform you about a world known disease called Tuberculosis but most commonly known as TB. Tuberculosis is a infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs. Like many other diseases Tuberculosis is airborne is very easy to contract. This disease was first discovered in March 24, 1882 by a German physician and scientist named Robert Koch. Koch simply found traces of mycobacterium tuberculosis in cows, which is the bacterium that causes Tuberculosis. Many people are at risk of getting TB but may not even know it because of how quickly the disease can spread and not knowing enough information about it or not getting tested. The most common way you can get Tuberculosis is by being in constant

Intro: Tuberculosis is a disease that affects many individuals throughout the world, and not always with the same prevalence.

Tuberculosis today has established its roots as a global epidemic killing more than two million people each year and threatening the lives of the billions it infects. Although tuberculosis has been a notifiable disease since the 1990s, the impact of the disease has been underestimated due to lack of data on incidence and financial burden of the illness. Trends in recent years indicate that tuberculosis incidence rates have not only stabilized but declined steadily which indeed is phenomenal progress. But while progress is being made one should not forget the fact that tuberculosis still is the leading cause of death worldwide among HIV/AIDS infected individuals and

Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease that remains one of the serious infections in the world. In 1990, the World Health Organization estimated that approximately 8 million new cases were active worldwide, the vast majority of which were in developing countries (WHO, 1990). Nearly three million people die annually from this disease.

With approximately 1.5 million tuberculosis (TB) cases China would have the second highest affliction after India. This would cause the GDD Program to incorporate TB into its mission in China. The goal was to provide strategic technical assistance and training for TB control including viable research on drug rebellious TB. China also needed to work on controlling the infection and strengthening their laboratory.

Many people think of tuberculosis (TB) as a ‘Dickensian’ era disease. But current figures from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that, alongside HIV, TB is the most deadly infectious disease in the world.

“Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem. In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million people developed TB and 1.3 million died from the disease. The number of TB deaths is unacceptably large given that most are preventable,” (WHO). However, even though numbers of those infected are high, the rate of new TB cases is on the decline at roughly 2% per year. The slow decline rate is due to many things including people not being informed about the disease, and improper usage of medicines leading to drug resistant strains of TB.

Phthisis, consumption, white death, great white plague, and a robber of youth (Frith, 2014, p.29), know today, as tuberculosis had been one of the world’s most deadly pathogens worldwide. Dating back to the 18th century and continuing into today’s society and accounting for most HIV/AIDS deaths. A death rate of 1.4 million worldwide and an estimate that one third of the world’s population has developed a strain of TB in 2011 (Ting W-Y, 2014, p. 1). “In Canada there are about 1,600 new cases a year” (“the facts of tuberculosis” n.d). TB (tuberculosis) is primarily an illness of the lungs and respiratory system, however; it can be contracted to other parts of the body. In this paper, I will explore not only the signs and symptoms of TB, but

Tuberculosis is among the fatal diseases that are spread through the air. It’s contagious, meaning that it spreads from one infected individual to another, and at times it spreads very fast. In addition to being contagious, the disease is an opportunist infection as it takes advantage of those with weak defense mechanism, and especially the ones with terminal diseases like HIV and AIDS. Tuberculosis is therefore among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature (World Health Organization 1).

As mentioned in previous section, high TB notification rate in Hong Kong every year reveals the severity, reported statistics from CHP (CHP, 2016). Though there are decreasing TB notification cases, TB still put pressure on Hong Kong’s citizens. In 1939, around 4,500 TB deaths report before the invasion by Japan, which made TB become a notifiable disease (DH, 2006). During the World War II, the unstable social conditions, poor nutrition, and serious overcrowding in Hong Kong increased the number of cases who died from TB (DH, 2006). As a result, with the influx of refugee from Mainland China, TB became the top killer in Hong Kong (DH, 2006). In 1940-1950, the Hong Kong Government and the Hong Kong Anti-Tuberculosis Association created plans for TB control services after the development in anti-TB drugs and provided services for TB patients (DH, 2006). TB notification rate and death rate of Hong Kong reached its peak in 1951-1952 when prevention and treatment of TB was not yet commonly use (CHP, 2016). Afterwards, the usage of streptomycin and the BCG injection to newborn babies and schoolchildren decreased the number of notification rate and death rate (DH, 2006). However, some TB patients had difficulties to complete the anti-TB treatment. Therefore, Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) was considered. The death rate of TB dropped dynamically to less than 1,500 cases after the usage of DOT in 1970 (WHO, 2016). After 21st century, the new cases of TB dropped to less than 5,000