Yeast report
Introduction
Essentially the growth and metabolism of any micro-organisms are profoundly affected by the temperature. For example, for Saccharomyces it’s said to increase the production of alcohol increases with temperature up to 40° (Brown 1914). Any organisms (in order to survive) require adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ATP is produced using cellular respiration. Cellular respiration are metabolic reactions that take place in order to produce ATP, which is essential for any cellular activities whether it is movement, work or temperature maintenance. Cellular respiration involves glycolysis followed by citric acid cycle including the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The most amount of ATP is produced in the Krebs cycle
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The maximum standard deviation of oxygen consumption for the 20 °C average is 119.86 and the minimum standard deviation was 94.56. Finally the maximum standard deviation for 37°C is 96.11 and the minimum standard deviation for this certain control group was 89.79. From figure 4 it is evident that the largest spread of data occurs in the yeast suspension, the maximum standard deviation for the 4 degrees group was 75.05 and the minimum standard deviation is 41.83. For the 20 degrees group the maximum standard deviation is 49.93 and the minimum value is -6.87. The range for the 37 degrees group ranges from -2.4 to 2.9.
Figure 4
Yeast suspension oxygen consumption % Minutes 4°C average 20 °C average 37°C average
0 82.3 83.7 4.63
1 78.9 56.56 4.3
2 74.96 32.1 0.96
3 70.56 15.46 0.9 4 63.96 7.96 0.76
5 57.46 5.26 0.63
6 53.2 3.83 0.53
7 49.13 3.63 1.03
8 45.3 6.4 0.3
9 41.53 3.56 0.3
10 38 1.83 0.3
Maximum rate 82.3 83.7 4.63
Total numbers 11 11
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If the environment of the yeast was too cold (4°c) the molecules will have a decreased amount of energy to function therefore they would slow down causing less reactions within the yeast to take place. Hence decreasing the rate of cellular respiration (alberts et al). On the other hand 37°c is not ideal temperature either because this would denature the enzyme within yeast which is known as zymase. Denaturation of the enzyme would completely halt the process (Palmer and Bonner, 2007) of cellular respiration . The Denaturation takes place at high temperatures at this point the shape of the active site is altered thus the substrate cannot fit in order to form a functioning enzyme. (Palmer and Bonner,
Standard Deviation for the mean column is 0.476Standard Deviation for the median column is 0.754Standard deviation for the mean column has least variability
The lab uses the measurements of a wooden dowel in length and diameter to collect data in order to interpret data in report form. The data is used to produce statistical data and how to correctly present it. A ruler and micrometer were used to measure the dimensions. Spreadsheets are then constructed in order to generate standard deviation, mean, median, mode, frequency, as well as variation of length, diameter, volume, and cross sectional area of the
During this experiment, sugar sources were varied and respiration rate evaluated. To begin, a water bath was set at 30 degrees Celsius. This creates an optimum temperature for the enzymes in yeast to breakdown sugar and give off CO₂. Each sugar source, glucose, sucrose, lactose and glycerol were all added to its own unique yeast sample, one at a time. Each sugar source that was added to the yeast solution was immediately incubated for 10 min, then was transferred to a respiration chamber. The CO₂ sensor was put in, recording the CO₂ respiration for 4 min. This process was done for each sugar source. The reparation rate was recorded through Logger Pro. After 4 min passed, the slope was recorded, resulting in respiration rate.
First I will set up the apparatus as show above. I will add 1.5 grams
During these experimental procedures, the implication of multiple different temperatures on fungal and bacterial amylase was studied. In order to conduct this experiment, there were four different temperatures used. The four temperatures used were the following: 0 degrees Celsius, 25 degrees Celsius, 55 degrees Celsius, and 80 degrees Celsius - Each temperature for one fungal and one bacterial amylase. Drops of iodine were then placed in order to measure the effectiveness of the enzyme. This method is produced as the starch test. The enzyme was tested over the course of ten minutes to determine if starch hydrolysis stemmed. An effective enzyme would indicate a color variation between blue/black to a more yellowish color towards the end of the time intervals, whereas a not so effective enzyme would produce little to no change in color variation. According to the experiment, both the fungal amylase and bacterial amylase exhibited a optimal temperature. This was discovered by observing during which temperature and time period produced a yellow-like color the quickest. Amylase shared a similar optimal temperature of 55 degrees Celsius. Most of the amylases underwent changes at different points, but some enzymes displayed no effectiveness at all. Both amylases displayed this inactivity at 0 degrees Celsius. At 80 Celsius both the enzymes became denatured due to the high temperatures. In culmination, both fungal and bacterial amylase presented a array of change during it’s
The conditions needed for the growth of micro-organisms are: Micro - organisms need food to survive. They like high protein food to survive, eg. Poultry & fish. Most micro - organisms need warmth & grow best at 20-40c. They need moisture to multiply. They need air to multiply, though some can without. A single Micro-organism becomes two every twenty minutes.
These results show how temperature of extreme high, or low affects enzyme activity. The highest rate of enzyme activity occurred at 37 Cº. Anything that was hotter or cold than 37 Cº slowed the reaction rate. As I thought, 100 degrees would denature the enzyme, and that was the case. The data provided shows exactly what temperatures enzymes work best, and worst. The objective was achieved as we discovered the different reaction rates under different temperatures. The results are reliable, as we know enzymes do not work well when under extreme heat or denaturation occurs. What I learned in this experiment was that enzymes don’t work well under cold temperatures because they tend to move slower. My hypothesis did not quite match, because I thought they work best at lower temperatures.
Top of Form Bottom of Form The Effect of Temperature on the Respiration of Yeast
The room temperature was measured throughout the lab and kept constant at 24°C (+/- 1°C), as the lab was conducted during the same time of
reaction rate increases. If the temperature of an enzyme gets to high the reaction rate will slow
As the temperature increases, so will the rate of enzyme reaction. However, as the temperature exceeds the optimum the rate of reaction will decrease.
Aim: The aim of the experiment is to test the effect temperature has on the activity of the enzyme rennin.
Range of Independent Variable: Mass of yeast in solution (g) - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
This lab investigates the effects of Sucrose concentration on cell respiration in yeast. Yeast produces ethyl alcohol and CO2 as a byproduct of anaerobic cellular respiration, so we measured the rate of cellular respiration by the amount of CO2
At low temperatures (5oC-15oC) the rate of photosynthesis will be slow, as the enzymes of the plant do not have enough energy to meet substrate molecules. However, as the temperature increases, there will be a greater rate of photosynthesis, especially as the enzymes approach the optimal temperature. Although once the increase in temperature has gone past the optimal temperature, enzymes will begin to denature and the rate will decrease until there is little or no oxygen being produced by