By: John Rayson
Class: PHI 3393A
Professor: Jeffrey Reid
Due: November 3, 2015
Spinoza, Lessing, Jacobi, Mendelssohn
How Does the Knowledge of God Involve Faith and Reason?
Midterm Exam
Jacobi and Mendelssohn have two opposing views as to the position faith and reason when considering the knowledge of God. Jacobi advocates faith while Mendelssohn prefers reason. They are on opposite sides of the pantheism controversy. In pantheism, God is omnipresent. Everyone can learn to intellectually love God and, as he is everywhere, we require no mediation to communicate with Him. Spinoza spawned a school of thought called Spinozism. In this he uses the concept of a subject and predicate relationship and the principle of sufficient reason to determine the existence of God. He values both faith and reason. Lessing is of the same opinion, that both faith and reason are necessary components. He incorporates them into his idea of humanism and general acceptance which will evolve into a religion of universal reason. Jacobi and Mendelssohn are of two separate minds. Jacobi believes faith is the only source of truth while Mendelssohn thinks reason is the more logical path.
Spinoza stated that a glimmer of faith is the manifestation of intuition of the truth. He was seen as the most fervent defender of pantheism. Spinoza saw God’s transcendent nature in his infinite qualities. All mortal, physical things are conceived by God. This unifies all things. As
The topic of knowledge and belief has been a subject of investigation and a primary field in philosophical research for centuries. Whether it was Aristotle or Descartes, multiple ideas on knowledge and belief arise, such as the epistemological theories of foundationalism or coherentism, which provide philosophical explanations to this debate. For the sake of this essay, and in my own opinion, knowledge should be distinguished from belief. Everyone is subject to different types of beliefs based on upbringing, however knowledge of basic items is universal, therefore it immediately becomes apparent that there is a clear distinction between the two concepts.
Therefore, God must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world. Benedictus de Spinoza was much a pantheist, believing that God is identical to the universe as a whole.
Faith, defined as a strong belief in something which cannot be proven, has been argued over countless generations. Still, even without proof, individuals worldwide hold true to their faith each day. After studying faith and religion in texts written by scholars with varying backgrounds, it is easy to see faith is something which is widely disputed. Comparison of Sigmund Freud’s The Future of an Illusion and Paul Tillich’s Dynamics of Faith, fully displays the discrepancies in points of view on the function of faith, as well as the necessity of faith, in society; while the comparison of Viktor E. Frankl’s Man’s Search for Meaning and Karl Marx’s “on the Future of Religion,” demonstrate both similarities and differences
The Narrow Line of Belief Godliness, as well as the doctrine of one’s faith, is always a mystery. Many believe that man comes nearer to God through their piety and doubt given towards Him. From this rests faithful talk. One’s faith and doubt leads to humanity asking for answers. Yet, sometimes one’s faith may not reveal the true answers, moreover, recognize answers relinquished to them.
Sartre: Faith is absolutely an important concept, and it is one that runs our lives and is central to them, and it can at times feel inescapable, however it is far from the highest passion for human beings.
Faith and reason can be viewed as opposites. Faith is an element of belief, something an individual does not necessarily require a reason for accepting without reason. For example, an individual’s reason for believing in God may not seem too rational when they are trying to explain them. They may not even stand up to criticism. On the other hand, reason is constructed as a formula. Faith is basically something we believe in, like something we learn in church. Reason is something we learn in school, such as a math formula.
Synthesis Whether faith perfects reason or faith seeks reason will be a continuous debate and as far as The Inferno written by Dante Aligieri goes, faith perfects reason. Philosophers, teachers, theologians, and basically anyone who cares can adequately argue for one side or the other. Dante creates an illustrative, idea hell consisting of multiple levels containing whomever sinners were deemed to that circle of sin.
Faith, it is the complete trust or confidence in someone or something. We as humans can only define it as that because we cannot tangibly grasp faith, or even understand it as we do our emotions. It can be as overwhelming as love and yet there may not be a reason or an understanding to why we have it or put our faith into someone or something. The only way to describe it is through the claim faith and reason are compatible. This claim is examined in the stories, Genesis, as God creates human beings to live amongst his other creations but to have free reign over the land, the Romans & Corinthians, as even Jesus’ faith was to put to the test, and it is deeply explored in St. Augustine’s Confessions. Furthermore, the compatibility of faith and reason is seen in The Book of Matthew as Jesus travels the lands of Israel blessing them with his own faith. Faith and reason would not be attainable if it weren’t for our triune God subtly giving us the knowledge we need to make decisions on our own.
Although there are any popular perceptions of faith, Tillich goes beyond all of this, saying that the popular perceptions, even by Christian religious traditions, are misconceptions. We often talk about having faith that there is life on another planet or something. To Tillich, these things do not constitute faith, but belief. The difference is that faith is ultimate concern. Faith must include both a cognitive and emotional component.
Pope John Paul II once said, “Faith and reason are like two wings on which the human spirit rises to the contemplation of truth; and God has placed in the human heart a desire to know the truth – in a word, to know himself – so that, by knowing and loving God, men and women may also come to the fullness of truth about themselves.” (Fallible Blogma) Based on this significant and powerful quote, one can infer that faith and reason are directly associated and related. It can also be implied that the combination of faith and reason allows one to seek information and knowledge about truth and God; based on various class discussions and past academic teachings, it is understood that both faith and reason are the instruments that diverse parties
Chapter 2 discusses faith as visualization of, and belief in attainment of desire. It goes on to discuss faith as another word for "Absolute Confidence." When a person has faith in his beliefs then one can say that half of the battle to acquire success is won. Therefore, when faith is combined with the vibration of thought then the subconscious mind picks up the vibration, translates it into spiritual equivalent, and transmits it to infinite intelligence. Knowing how to develop faith is a method by which it does not already exist is very difficult to describe. Faith is a state of mind, which may be developed at, will after the thirteen principles, which can be mastered in this book.
Christian faith has an implication of love. It is strictly a personal act. The "agape" that exists between the lord and all of his creations is manifested into each religion's faith. This agape is the respect, connection, and intellectual virtue that exist between men and women and their belief in God. Faith can also be thought of as a perception. It is not a conclusion or a proof; "it is not an explanation of the world, an argument from causality, an apologetic of creation," (Chenu 2). Faith is neither black or
Faith and reason were two modes of belief that dominated the history of Western Civilization. Both faith and reason were popularized as tools to understand the universe in Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian eras. By conflicting with each other, these two modes of belief sparked a lot of controversy. Reason or rationality is belief based on concrete evidence and logic. The development of one’s reason relies heavily on observation and questioning. Greco-Roman philosophers believed in the power of the human mind to understand the world. So in order to find ultimate truth, Greco-Roman philosophers dedicated their lives to perfecting their reasoning skills and encouraged those around them to do the same. Contradictory to reason, faith is the
The mystery of God's existence has been a crucial element of many religious studies and traditions. Who is God? What is God? Where is God? To effectively discuss the existence of God, it is necessary to illustrate the notion of faith. People of faith believe that God does exist, and that relationship with God gives meaning to their lives. Others who are skeptical point to God as an obsolete hope of an ignorant human race. People today live in a world distinguished by sophisticated technology in which modern science has been a strong agent in questioning the existence of God.
Descartes and Augustine, in their respective examinations of the mind and God, come to the conclusion that the true understanding of all things derives from the withdrawal of the self from foreign influence and the necessity to look inward. Although each thinker’s journey or course of understanding was different, and at times rather contrasting, their ultimate realizations about knowledge are very coherent.