Introduction. As Management Is Concerned About Gaining

Interpretive methods of research start from the position that our knowledge of reality, including the domain of human action, is a social construction by human actors and that this applies equally to researchers. Thus there is no objective reality which can be discovered by researchers and replicated by others, in contrast to the assumptions of positivist science. (p. 5)

INTRODUCTION Scholars in the field of business management have frequently debated the relative importance of rigor and relevance in business research. In fact, there are an increasing number of articles that discuss the problems associated with the lack of relevance in published business research. Relevant research “develops insights that help managers understand themselves and their organizations better” (Markides 2007, p.765). On the

Executives and managers who use business research methods are able to better understand their company, the position it holds in the market and how to improve that position. Scientific methods can be applied in Business in many dimensions. And they can flourish business in number of ways. Few of them are as follows  Improving standards of competition:

In business, managers need to respond to any issues that may arise in the business. While one may be prone to do this based on past experience, the wiser choice would be to use business research to gather the information to make decisions as business research will increase the likelihood that the solution would make a positive impact. According to Business Research Methods, the definition of business research is the structured questioning which provides information by which to guide wise decisions that maximize the impact of the

5. Management theory must recognize that it is a part of a larger universe of knowledge and theory.

Business research is a methodical process in which a company or manager recognizes a need for data in order to make effective business making decisions. “More specifically, it is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and Disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to decisions makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate actions that, in turn, maximize performance” (Cooper and Schindler, 2011, p. 10).

In order to elucidate the way in which the choice of epistemology influences the formulation of a management research problem, it is necessary to define the term epistemology and clarify some of the varying epistemological stances. In doing so, the reader will be able to understand the myriad different variations of epistemological viewpoints, each of which shape the direction of research and the sort of problem that research attempts to identify. Management research builds on the long tradition of research in the social sciences (Somekh and Lewin, 2005). Primarily, epistemology provides the very lens through which research is conducted. Certain epistemological lenses, therefore, are best suited for certain types of research and research problems, whereas other research problems can be determined most efficaciously through other epistemological lenses.

With many of the organizations around problems, dilemmas, and opportunities will rise that will bring up questions, research and conclusions. First identifying the problem and planning to work towards resolving the organizations predicament. After the problem has been identified then the leaders need to design a research study that will facilitate collecting, measuring, and the analyzing of the data that is relevant to the organization, its staff and its productivity. Now that the company has designed the

Locate four articles or books on your philosophy written by different management theorists and published in the past 5 years in academic literature. At least two must be from peer-reviewed journals. The articles or books may be theory articles, research articles, or a combination.

It is quite possible to gain knowledge from both tangible and intangible characteristics of our every changing society today. The variables depend on the intended outcome. Epistemology in management

the heart of several fields of study. The question before management scientists, as well as before all of

In doing the research, the methodology must be appropriate so that the analysis findings could reach the objective. Research methodology proposed one procedure in order way to be follow to answer all the questions in the research that want to be made. Quoted by Denzin and Lincoln (1994), methodology is a process that related with research objective and data. In the others word, it is early research planning that include the research scope, data collection method, data collection process and data analysis method. For Ranjit (2005), methodology is one of crucial part in research, in order to ensure the research can be done in the systematic way Overall, this chapter will discuss on the research frame and the methodologies used in order to meet the research objectives. Research process been divided into three main parts there are preliminary research part, data collection and last one data analysis.

Schermerhorn, J. R., & Bachrach, D. G. (2015). Exploring Management. (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p.

The prime managerial value of management research is that it reduces uncertainty by providing information that improves the decision-making process. The decision –making process associated with the development and implementation of a strategy involves four interrelated stages.

Research philosophy is based on the assumptions which define research strategy and explains the relationship between a research study and the data collection process (Zikmund, 2012). The research philosophy is categorised into positivism and interpretivism. Positivism only adheres the knowledge based on factual information through observations (data collection methods) which are mostly quantifiable and measurable (Saunders et al., 2009). Whereas in interpretivism, research variables can be interpreted through socially constructed measures (language, consciousness and instruments).