Is the Stability of the Horn of Africa Contingent on a Peace Agreement Between Ethiopia and Eritrea?

In the 19th century Eritrea and Ethiopia was one, even though they were one there were still many misunderstanding’s with in them. It was in 1952 when Ethiopia took over Eritrea. From 1961 until 1991, Eritrea had fought a long war of independence against Ethiopia. When my mother uses to live in the village side she and friends would walk to school and every time sees dead people laid on the floor. They would slaughter anyone. On this day in 1991, Eritrea people’s forces moved into the capital Asmara, reinstating independence, and 30 years long battle against the Ethiopian

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, popularly known as ISIS and Daesh, is the 21st centuries rising global threat to humanity. The world has united to reduce and ultimately prevent genocide. In the paper ISIS will be referenced as Daesh. The initial part of the essay will cover Daesh origins, ideology, goals, and objectives. It is essential to know the similarities of the present Daesh brutalities and historic barbarisms of Wahhabism. The rest of the essay will focus on leadership, funding, and capabilities, such as physical bases support locations. The conclusion will attempt to raise concern of the internal threat within the United States. This essay will be limited to sources not having access to restricted or classified information. The closing goal of this essay is to embolden the serious threat to the United States and other countries seeking pursuit of life, liberty and happiness.

Currently, there are several security threats that need significant attention in the AOR. These range from ISIS, al-Shabaab and Boko Haram terrorists, as well as al-Qaida in Maghreb and Sahel regions, and conflicts in several African countries. These conflicts include Sudan - Darfur, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Mali, Libya, DRC, and Burundi.

Somalia is a small country in the eastern part of Africa, known as “The Horn of Africa”. According to the CIA World Factbook (2016), Somalia has a population of roughly 10.4 million, and 85 percent of people are Somali. Additionally, a significant part of the population is Muslim, (CIA World Factbook, 2016), whom have contributed to the current conflict. In this report, we analyze the recent violent conflict and U.S. intervention in Somalia.

The United State’s consideration of deploying troops to the former Soviet Union republic of Georgia aims to provide training and equipment to Georgian forces to patrol and combat the border shared with Chechnya. There is evidence that fleeing Al Qaeda fighters, particularly in the Pinski Gorge area, have joined Chechen rebels. Interestingly enough, “ Before September 11, Russia had faced regular and harsh criticism from the West for alleged human rights violations and the use of excessive force in Chechnya. After the attacks on the United States, the criticism was largely muted,” (“Georgia”). The events of September 11 have caused the State Department to now accuse the Russian government of not doing enough to control Chechen rebels. Foreign policy has expanded to directly addressing the Chechen conflict

For the past few years, many countries like the United States have tried to help the growing terrorist problem in Somalia caused by al-Shabaab. Groups such as the African Union Assistance Mission to Somalia have been formed

Ethiopia is one of the oldest surviving countries in the world. While its current economic, societal, and political conditions are considered povertous from the viewpoint of a first world nation, the country has been a relative powerhouse in the Horn of Africa. It has a large military, gross domestic product growth, and a relatively stable international position compared to its neighbors. In the last 60 years, however, it has been continually embroiled in a border dispute with its neighbor Eritrea. Eritrea, a former province of Ethiopia, has fought against the larger nation’s control for decades, resulting in war in the 1990s and massive tension in the area since. This border conflict has the potential to flare once again and throw the

This paper is about the humanitarian mission in Somalia that turned into an effort to rebuild a nation. It explains how the U.S. military initially entered to assist with the humanitarian efforts but the scope of the mission changed when United Nations personnel were killed. It also focuses on why the United States military went after the leader of the Habr Gidr clan, Muhammad Farah Aidid, who was responsible for the deaths and killings that occurred during the humanitarian mission. The United Task Force was developed allowing the United States to finally capture and arrest, Muhammad Farah Aidid, which is explained in Black Hawk Down.

While all perspectives are present, liberalism and constructivism influenced this proposal the most. The objectives were deliberately organized to employ more elements of constructivism as the proposal developed. The constructivist perspective was important to this national security challenge because it emphasizes norms, ideas, and that international actors create their own context.6 The case of terrorism in South Asia is a culmination of different norms and ideas that each have a history of their own. The realist perspective focuses on security and state interactions to quell anarchy.6 However, terrorism is not a traditional state and has not operated under the values that are consistent with traditional U.S ideas. Consequently, the liberalist perspective focuses on international organizations, economics, and the spread of democracy.6 Once again, this cannot fully explain the international focus on human rights and how cultural values have presented challenges to mutual exchange. A focus on cultural interactions transcends the liberalist economic focused view. With shortfalls in every IR perspective, the constructivist view provides the most flexible means to view this dynamic situation. This paradigm is also helpful in relating the actors’ different motivations, which are defined best by their ideas and historical context. To explore this further, I will discuss the different perspectives in the context of each strategic

Criminal activity is spilling over our borders and poisoning our society and values. It is imperative this council addresses this issue before the violence and havoc spreads further and is no longer containable. Unfortunately, nations that are politically unstable are particularly susceptible to human traffickers and drug smuggling. Ever since the deterioration of the government’s control of Libya, organized crime has exploded at a rate never seen before in the Middle East. Migrant, drug, and arms smuggling has become pervasive in this strategic location. With the ability to control illicit trade routes to Europe and East Africa and rugged geography has made it a much disputed land and safe haven for terrorist groups such as AQIM. This is evident

Africa is a rich continent with an abundance of resources, diverse cultures, exotic people and exciting traditions, yet it seems as though it is perpetually facing armed conflict (Lukunka, 2012). Of the conflicts Africa is facing currently, Somalia is the center for some of the largest conflicts. The history of Somalia has been hit with conflict after conflict, not only between rival clans but also with other countries, most recently between not only regional powers but also the US and Al-Qaida. The current conflict in Somalia differs from the rest due to the number and type of players involved; the large numbers of foreign players involved in local affairs and the role radical Islam is playing in the conflict. With most of the

The U.S. has a tough stance when it comes to terrorism, especially in regions where terrorist groups look to take advantage of a people or a situation. In this paper I hope to answer questions pertaining to how the political unrest in Yemen began, how Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula were formed and what effects they have in the region as well as the implications to American policies and interests in the Horn of Africa area. Yemen is a poor and unstable state where the political and social problems are an issue that some groups will look to exploit while others have a vested interest in stability. An analysis of the past and present political, economic and social issues in Yemen reveals two major issues: The ability for terrorist

Eritrea, like most other African countries, has its formal historical beginnings with through colonization in the late 19th century. In the scramble of Africa, the Italians came into the region on the coast of the Red Sea and established their rule around the capital of Asmara. After nearly sixty years of Italian colonial rule, Eritrea was supposed to be free from the oppressive rule by another state. However, after World War II, the United Nations decided to federate Eritrea to Ethiopia.

In June 2000, after the two years of a border dispute, Ethiopia and Eritrea agreed on Cessation of Hostilities organised by Algeria and the Organization of African Unity (OAU). In July, the Security Council established the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), and in September, UNMEE was authorised by the Council to ensure the observance of security commitments and to monitor the cessation of hostilities. UNMEE was the most recent case of a traditional peacekeeping operation deployed from 2000 to 2008. The paper analyse the change of UNMEE mandate and the challenges the mission faced.

In March 2015, a Saudi led coalition with the United Arab Emirate as its major partner started a war in Yemen over the Houthi rebellion which has been simmering for many years. That must have been a boon for the Eritrean regime.