Kreb Biology Lab

Hypothesis correct?: Yes and no. The tap water did soak up the color best, however the plants in soft water and the reverse osmosis

b. Is pigment distribution uniformly in each mycelium? If not, where is the pigment concentrated in each mold?

The hypothesis for this situation is that the plant that is not doing very well is that it is not getting the same amount of sun as the plant that was doing really well. Another possibility is that it’s not getting enough water as the other plant so it could not be doing as well because of those two

The purpose of this lab was to practice proper handling of the light microscope, learn the names and functions of the light microscope parts, acquire skill in using the light microscope by carefully following all directions, prepare a wet mount, and locate objects under low and high power magnification. In addition, we will learn to position objects when viewed with a microscope, adjust the diaphragm correctly to achieve proper light under low and high power, learn to locate objects at various places in the “depth of field” and use stains (iodine) as an aid.

The sixth lab I completed in Biology 101 taught me how autotrophs (self-feeders) and heterotrophs (other-feeders) make organic food molecules by using photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses the energy from the sun and it is captured and stored in the chemical bonds of organic molecules. The sunlight consists of different wavelengths of light. In plant chloroplasts, they have different pigments that capture different wavelengths of light. Light capturing pigments in green plants are called chlorophylls and these absorb all the colors of light except green, which is mostly reflected. To separate molecules from each other according to their solubility in a particular solvent is done by the process of chromatography. This basically means that polar

              This experiment attempts to answer the question of whether an increase in a succinate concentration (a component of the Krebs cycle) will lead to an increased rate of cellular respiration within a cell. We measured the amount of electrons given off by the succinate to fumerate redox reaction by using DPIP. DPIP is an electron acceptor that takes the place of FAD by accepting the electrons and turning from its oxidized blue state to its reduced clear state. We had three tubes with varying concentrations of succinate and measured the transmittance of each over a half hour period to determine whether more succinate led to more DPIP being reduced. The results showed that the tube with no succinate (no

Benoit, Pruitt, and Thrall study if a wet washcloth or gauze has the same photon absorption ability as Superflab and compare the effect of an air gap between tissue equivalent bolus and skin. The researchers have independent variables of two 1.0cm thick Superflab and wet gauze materials; also two 0.5cm thick SuperFlab and wet gauze materials all with surface areas of 15.5cm x 15cm. They use a linear accelerator, which produces 6 MV photons, to collect ionization measurements with a parallel plate ionization chamber measured by an electrometer, using three different independent physical densities of 0.75, 1.02 and 1.20g/cm^3. In regards to absorption and effects of air gaps, there is more variation in smaller field sizes (4x4cm^2) when compared

Purpose : The purpose of this lab is to understand the metabolic process of the cellular respiration by which it produce and convert energy. Moreover, an overview of the four major processes of the cellular respiration which is glycolysis, pryuvate the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain

Mitochondria has many key molecules that are present within the organelle. Some of these molecules include oxaloacetate and succinate dehydrogenase, both in which play important roles in cellular respiration. Both of these substrates are essential for the Krebs Cycle, as they both produce ATP within the cycle (Wojtczak, Lech & Wojtczak, A.B. & Ernster, L. 1969). The shape and structure of the molecule oxaloacetate is similar to the components of the molecule succinate dehydrogenase. An active site is part of an enzyme in which a protein or substrate binds to an enzyme (“Active Site.”). Normally,

There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration occurs when there is oxygen present and in the mitochondria (in eukaryotic cells) and the cytoplasm (in prokaryotic cells). Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; it proceeds through the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle is a cycle of producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and converting ADP to thirty-four ATPs. Anaerobic respiration is known as a process called fermentation. It occurs in the cytoplasm and molecules do not enter the mitochondria for further breakdown. This process helps to produce alcohol in yeast and plants, and lactate in animals. Only two ATPs are produced through this process. In yeast fermentation is used to make beer, wine, and whiskey.

Hans Kreb received the Nobel Prize for discovering the metabolic cycle in 1953. He worked under the guidance of Otto Warburg at the University of Freiburg where he was introduced to techniques which helped to study the rate of cellular respiration using ‘tissue slice method’ and Warburg manometer. These techniques were instrumental in understanding respiration at cellular level rather than whole organism level.

Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. To understand the structure and function of multipolar neuron,unipolar and bipolar neurons. Also to identify the structures of a nerve. There are no safety concerns for this lab.

Mitochondrion produces the energy that cell needs by breaking down sugars, fatty acids and amino acids to CO2 and H2O. In this process, which is called cellular respiration, the chemical energy in sugar, fatty acid and amino acid molecules is captured as ATP. Krebs cycle is a part of the cellular respiration that consists of series of reactions. And succinate dehydrogenase is one of the enzymes that is used in this cycle. It basically catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate. In this reaction, succinate reduces a FAD molecule, which eventually donates its electrons to coenzyme Q. However, Azide prevents FADH2 from giving its electrons to coenzyme Q, rather than an artificial electron acceptor, DCIP takes the electrons. DCIP is a dark blue solution that gets lighter as it gains electrons. As DCIP gets lighter, its absorbance will decrease. So, the rate of the reaction can be relatively observed by looking at the absorbance values of DCIP since the reaction processes, DCIP gains electrons and gets lighter in color. By spectrophotometry we took the absorbance values. Spectrophotometer is used in the process, which sends beams of light to the sample and measures the intensity of the light that passes through the sample. This way we can

Present study is based on laboratory work; however the plant material for experimental purpose will be collected from experimental farm of CSIR-IIIM (32.73N and 74.87E).

The citric acid cycle — also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), the Krebs cycle, or the Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle, [1][2] — is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. The components and reactions of the citric acid cycle were established by seminal work from Albert Szent-Györgyi and Hans Krebs.