Large-Scale Path Loss

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The first simulation is loss location (9, 9). Compare with last group loss location (9, 9), this test is more inaccuracy. Firstly, this test is showing very lower value that is 6dB. The inaccuracy values are appear in normal values. In last test, 25dB is approximately 80% and 26dB is approximately 60% (see Fig 12). But 25dB is above 80% and less than 40% in 26dB in this test. the lower persentage in 26dB could casue extension dB values (see Fig 18, top left). The difference between this test and last test is negative SITA results. This test could show negative results because our setting

I declare that this assignment is my individual work. I have not worked collaboratively nor have I copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgment is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person.

I declare that this assignment is my individual work. I have not worked collaboratively nor have I copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgment is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part

electrical conductors. Today it's used in many fields of daily life such as internet, radios,

Abstract—In the recent times, researches show that all wireless networks are not energy–efficient than what we expect to be, especially the base stations through which the terminal access takes place. In order to overcome and solve this problem Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence (VCE) has performed a project named Green Project in the year 2009 and the main aim of this project is to overcome all the problems and to develop a process which is going to save energy in future wireless systems. This paper deals with the technical parts of the project and details several other current energy consumption models in the base station devices. This article also provides some good ideas in reduction of the energy consumption for the future radio base stations which helps to reduce the burden on the network providers.

The power control mechanism is complex to minimizing transmission power for Multi-user Orthogonal frequency division

The distance between the original and extended points is D. The receiver remains unaltered. D is

The detector then chooses one of the BM possible transmitted symbol vectors based on the available data. An optimal detector should return as x ̂ = x*.

For first design challenge, interference can inflicted by either through average (long term) transmit-power constraints or instantaneous (short term) constraints [4]. The instantaneous constraints have been focused as the second design challenge, handling these constraints

Cooperative diversity can also be used to increase the coverage area (e.g., cellular networks) as was investigated in [2] For decode and forward if no MRC is deployed then the optimum location is midway between the source and the destination, but if MRC is used then the optimum location is towards the source as derived in [2]. A distributed relay assignment algorithm was also given in [2]. It also addresses the problem of relay–source assignment. The optimum locations of relay for decode and forward and amplify and forward have also been proposed by the author.

The graph is taken before carrier phase estimation (CPE) in order to analyse the Phase Noise. The required graph for phase noise in terms of average BER for different filter types with varying filter order are drawn in Figure 4.7(a)-(d). The graph is drawn between the average BER and OSNR which shows that with the increase in OSNR the BER decreases.

Aim of this algorithm is to minimize the power contributed by noise and any signals coming from the interferer.

‘‘If I have seen farther, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.’’ is very truly coated by Sir Isaac Newton. Ideas gave way to idea. When Marconi invented wireless communication 100 years ago, we had no idea that one day life will seem to be impossible without it. It has penetrated each and every aspect of human life and has resulted into endless demands on bandwidth and spectrum. And by standing on the shoulders of giants, Teletarand Foschinigave the technique of MIMO system which would increase the spectral efficiency of the wireless system to its maximum compared to all the current technologies. Multiple antennas are used for transmission and reception to increases the capacity of the wireless channel.Capacity is expressed as the