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Learned Optimism: An Analysis

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In the modern times, there are multiply pressures on the people working in organizations, especially managers. In such a scenario, optimism may just prove to be the difference and help in building the self sustaining capabilities amidst stress, problems and ambiguities. Optimism is a generalized expectancy that good outcome as opposed to bed will generally occur when confronted with problems across situations. Optimism is used to denote a positive predisposition and likelihood that good things will happen irrespective of one’s ability. Over time, researchers have emphasized that optimism is a learning style or a cognitive skill that can be learned. Optimism is different than hope, contended Snyder (1994) as it contains a proactive component …show more content…

Learned optimism is a term Seligman and his associates first used. It was the extension of Seligman’s original work on learned helplessness that was defined as a result of learning to be unable to control events (Seligman and Maier, 1967). According to Seligman (1991), learned helplessness is the giving up reaction, the quitting response that follows from the belief that whatever you do doesn’t matter. Another relevant concept in this connection is explanatory style. It is the manner is which one habitually explains to himself why events happen. An optimistic explanatory style stops helplessness, whereas a pessimistic explanatory style spreads helplessness. Seligman (1972) conducted an experiment with dogs and concluded that when exposed to circumstances beyond their control, dogs will eventually give up trying to effect change. In this experiment, despite the shocks, dogs were just lying there because they had learned that nothing they did matter (as they were exposed to such circumstances earlier) and they therefore expected that no action of theirs would matter in the future also. Once this expectation was learned, they would no longer engage in action. This is the effect of learned

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