Macromolecules Lab Report

Perform a series of accurate tests on biological molecules to detect the presence of carbohydrates and proteins, as well as the action of an enzyme on specific molecules.

Our results showed mainly sugar, oil, and starch in the happy meal. I observed the color changed in all the tests, but the protein test. My hypothesis was “I predict the McMush will have all the biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are known as macronutrients as the body needs masses of these nutrient components in order to carry out the bodies’ essential functions.

All living things contain some form of organic macromolecules including: Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. All of these organic molecules are alike in the sense that is they are made up of bonded elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and to smaller quantities nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. The macromolecules each contain large long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms and often consists of repeating smaller molecules bonded together in a repeating pattern (polymers). To test whether a specific solid white substance is a protein is simple due to the unique chains found in the respective type of macromolecule. To test if the substance is a carbohydrate, two tests could be performed on separate samples of the object. First,

The most common macromolecules found in living organisms are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. Briefly, the meaning of macromolecules is that they normally contain two or more molecules in them and their main functions are to store energy, information and much more. Most foods are known to be combinations of macromolecules. While some of these compounds can be detected by taste tests, many cannot. Scientists then use certain tests to determine the presence of macromolecules.

Carbohydrates have two functions which is, provides short term energy and structure in some organisms. They have an atomic makeup of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, with a 2:1 ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen. The monomer is a monosaccharide which contains a single sugar. A couple examples of this would be glucose, fructose, and deoxyribose which is found in DNA. Yet, foods with this monomer in it would be mostly fruits, candy, and soda. Carbohydrates also have a polysaccharide which is a polymer made of many monosaccharides strung together. Some examples of these are starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin. A starch is storage from glucose in plants(potatoes, pasta, waffles, and toast). Glycogen is storage from glucose in animals. Cellous is structure in plants (cell wall). Chitin is structure in animals (exoskeleton).

The purpose of this experiment was to find out the nutrient content of unidentified food samples and to use chemical reagents to see if the unidentified foods for sugar, starch, protein and fat (lipid) content. After comparing the color changes in each unknown substance then you will be able to see the amount of sugar, starch, protein or fat there is in the unknown substance.

a. Proteins- macromolecules made of amino acids. Proteins have many functions in the body. Some sources of proteins are whole-grain cereals, dark breads,rice, beans, and meat.

A macromolecule can be any of a general selection of molecules, such as: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and

Macromolecules come in the forms of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These 4 types of macromolecules are in everything we eat like grains, protein, fruits and vegetables, and dairy. During the week of September 12 through September 18 I used the Super Tracker app to record my daily calorie intake. The program recorded every single food and liquid item I ate and created a graph to show how much of each food group I ate in a day. Sometimes I had more dairy than vegetables, sometimes I had more fruits than grains. Every day was different. I sometimes went over the daily limit of saturated fat or sugars. Sometimes I went under the suggested amount that I should have in a day. By recording and understanding which macromolecules I consumed in a day, I could understand how my body is functioning after certain types of macromolecules went into my system. I could also see what kinds of foods I should be eating more or less of to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

During week two of class there was a focus on carbohydrates in a detailed format. “Carbohydrates are a type of macronutrient found in many foods and beverages. Most carbohydrates occur naturally in plant-based foods, such as grains. Food manufacturers also add carbohydrates to processed foods in the form of starch or added sugar.” (Mayo, 2017). This is an area that I knew little or nothing about before the start of this class. The highlight of the fact that there are diverse types of carbs, such as complex carbohydrate and simple carbohydrates. The discovery that complex carbs are better for a diet plan and that simple carbs should be introduced to every meal plan in a strategic manner such as before a workout. The second area that was emphasized was proteins, the only thing that I know about proteins before this class was the fact that if you complete a fitness activity then a person should consume protein within thirty minutes of its completion. During third week of study there was a focus in the lesson plan on protein, the number one thing that was learned was the fact that amino acids where producted from protein and “Essential amino acids are: histidine,

Dehydration-synthesis is a reaction that occurs to form different types of macromolecules. It is a reaction that leaves a macromolecule structure along the lines of developing its own specific function in a living organism. The 4 most common ones are carbohydrates which includes monosaccharides and polysaccharides, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids (Mack 2012). Scientists identify different types of macromolecules to achieve a better understanding on how they function in our bodies. This can be achieved by studying their chemical properties and structure.

This experiment was to test what is in each part of a Big Mac. The test was to see what macromolecules are in each of the ingredients. The ingredients that were tested were lettuce, special sauce, pickle, onion, cheese, meat, and bun. The ingredients were tested with all four of the chemicals. They were Lugol’s solution which tested for starch, Benedict’s solution which tested for sugar, Sudan IV which tested for lipids, and Biuret reagent which tested for protein. Each chemical found if that ingredient contained either proteins, lipids, starch, and/or sugar.

A macromolecule is a large molecule composed of small molecular units called monomers that are linked to together in long chains called polymers. Lipids are hydrophobic, non polar macromolecules that insulate organs, store energy, and make up cell membranes. Their monomers are called triglycerides. Proteins are another example of macromolecules. Made up of monomers called amino acids held together by peptide bonds, proteins provide structural support, defense, and cell regulation. The third macromolecule that is going to be tested for are carbohydrates. Carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches, are needed for energy storage and are made up of monomers called monosaccharides.

The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy. Some of the structural material can be used to generate