Observing Bacteria and Blood
Cynthia Alonzo, M.S. Version 42-0249-00-01
Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.
Exercise 1: Viewing Prepared Slides
Questions
A.
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The thickness of glass that covers the specimen slide also affects the ability one has to focus the image. If the glass is too thick for the objective lens then one will have a difficult time getting a focused view (Alonzo p55).
● Resolution:
The resolution in microscopy terms refers to the numerical aperture of the objective lens. The higher the numerical number the better the resolution of the image; also the shorter the wavelength the better the resolution (Alonzo p55).
● Contrast:
Contrast is directly related to the illumination system and can be adjusted by changing the intensity of the light and the diaphragm. Chemical stains applied to the specimen can also enhance contrast elements (Alonzo p56)
B. What is the purpose of immersion oil? Why does it work?
The purpose of using immersion oil is to help view bacteria that would not be able to not be seen otherwise. The immersion oil that is put on the slide between the objective and the slide to prevent the loss of light because of bending light rays as they pass through the air. The oil in turn enhances the resolving power of the microscope. (Alonzo p62).
Exercise 2: Observing Bacteria Cultures in Yogurt Questions A. Describe your observations of the fresh yogurt slide.
The yogurt slide had small particles that were constantly moving. They were small and round like the Cocci form of bacteria as well.
B. Were there observable differences between your fresh
While the other cells appeared translucent, the bacteria types were stained with a purple pigment. While examine this organism, the team discovered that this cell was very “stringy” in comparison to the previous cells. They noticed that the center of a “bacteria blob” appeared darkly colored, mostly likely due to the bacteria cells piling up, while individual strands extending out of the middle. These bacteria cells were very similar to the cheek cells, as both things were messily stacked, unlike the organized layout of the onion cells. Although the biologists could distinguish a cell membrane and a cell wall, they noticed that the cell did not contain a nucleus.
To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the Laboratory Manual that is available in the classroom. Laboratory exercises on your CD may not be updated.
The illuminating parts of a microscope enable us to see the detail of the subject placed under the microscope. The three main parts that enable us to do this are: the condenser which illuminates the object that is placed under the microscope, the objectives which forms the magnified image, and the eyepiece which enables us to see the magnified
Upon beginning the unknown lab, I was given the opportunity to choose an unknown broth tube. This tube contained our unknown microorganism and it was my job, based upon the testing methods learned throughout the semester to distinguish which microbe I had chosen. The goal at this point was to create a reserve plate and a working. This was completed by inoculating one TSA plate thoroughly in order to secure a lot of the growth. This plate became my reserve plate. The working plate was created by using the Streak Method that was introduced at the beginning of the semester. With this method, I would soon be able to visualize and record my microbial growth and colony characteristics. These plates were incubated for a week as that is the time span between classes.
source said that usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope.
Microscopes have a certain magnification and resolving power. In any microscope the the resolving power is more important than the magnification. The resolving power of a microscope is the least distance between two objects where the
It results in the acquisition—in the same process of the routine study and contrast image
In 1590, a few people started experimenting with different types of glass lenses. In the process of a very important discovery they started adding many lenses inside the tube. Looking through the glass tube objects at the end of the tube would appear much bigger than other magnifying glasses that couldn’t do so. The first microscopes were not very clear because they had just started using these materials to create it.
Fluorescence microscopy uses ultraviolet light as its light source that allows the resolution of the object to increase. Fluorescence microscopy contains a barrier filter that reduces any undesired stray of light other than the emission wavelength that might reach the observers eye. Light emitted by the specimen’s fluorophore for viewing is focused and magnified by the objective lens.
Most microscopes, including those in schools and laboratories today, are optical microscopes. They use glass lenses to enlarge, or magnify, an image. An optical microscope cannot produce an image of an object smaller than the length of the light wave in use. To see anything smaller than 2,000 angstroms (about 1/250,000 of an inch) a wave of shorter length would
The dissecting scope has a lower magnification ability than the compound and electron microscopes. It can magnify up
The resolution power of an eye is about 0.2 mm. However, utilizing a microscope magnify this resolution power. The modern light microscope has a magnifying power of 1000x. The wavelength of the light used can alter the resolving power of the microscope. Visible light as compared to an electronic beam can focus the minute details of the surface. The signals that are derived from electron ample interaction displays information about the physico chemical structure, crystalline morphology and orientation of the arrays of molecules that make up the sample. A dimensional image is generated showing spatial changes in properties (1) .
traditional optical microscope. Although resolution is limited by the wavelength of light, CDI does not
First; a brief introduction about the confocal microscopy, critical aspects of confocal Microscopy, and the basic parts of the confocal microscope. It will follow by more information about fluorescence microscopy which is used for study fixed and living cells because of its versatility, specificity, and high sensitivity.
The data were obtained by Leica Qwin 500 image analyzer computer system (England).The image analyzer consisted of a colored video camera, colored monitor, disc of IMB personal computer connected to the microscope and controlled by Leica Qwin 500 software. The image analyzer was first calibrated automatically to convert the measurement units (pixels) produced by the image analyzer program into actual micrometer units. Using the measuring field menu the area, area % and standard measuring frame. Measurements were done using an objective lens.Ten readings were obtained in each specimen.