Nature of Logic and Perception Essays

1. Describe a situation in which critical and creative thought could have been used for a better outcome. Describe why it is important to think critically and creatively in similar situations.

It is the external factors which serve as the basis for the ways in which we construct our impressions of others. This is the primary way

Attribution theory: an attempt when individuals observe behavior to determine whether it is internally or externally caused

Chapter 16 is about critical thinking and moral arguments. Critical thinking is a mode of thinking in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. A moral argument is an argument with a conclusion that expresses a moral claim. Logic is rational thoughts and formats tool or ways of reasoning. Formal logic is the use of deductive reasoning and is a structured argument with a set of premises and one conclusion.

In collecting evidence, determining suspects and solving crimes, detectives have to use critical thinking so that they don't end up putting an innocent person in jail. For example, in dangerous situations such as riots or criminals keeping civilians hostage, critical thinking becomes important to help police decide on the appropriate response and how they can protect themselves and the populace. Critical thinking is also employed in the adjudication. In overseeing the legal proceedings and determining cases judges and magistrates have to rely on critical thinking. The attorneys equally use critical thinking to guide their arguments for or against the accused.

Looking Past Appearances People are susceptible to making faulty assumptions about others. Intentionally and unintentionally, judgments upon an unfamiliar face is made swiftly. In less than a second, a snap judgement that is “surprisingly hard to budge” is formed in the mind (Highfield, Wiseman, Jenkins). In a phenomenon known as the halo effect, “the perception of positive qualities in one thing or part gives rise to the perception of similar qualities in related things or in the whole.” (Dobrin)

What did you already know about Critical Thinking: Making Inferences and Analyzing the Author’s Message? Respond to each concept. What did you already know about making inferences? What did you already know about analyzing the author’s message?

We learnt that people should not be using shortcut to judge others such as selective perception which is a perceptual filtering process based on interests, background and attitude. Another shortcut in judging others is stereotyping which is judging someone on the

Perception checking is a good tool to help me understand others accurately instead of jumping to conclusions or assuming that your first interpretation is the correct one. For example, my cousin and I are very close and we always talk on the phone for hours. When I have not heard from her in the few I thought she was mad at me or maybe she does not want to talk to me anymore. So then thought about it and I decided to call her, but when I called her phone was no longer in service. That is when I realize I was wrong for assuming my cousin was mad at me, instead of assuming I should have try another way to get in contact with

Logic is a science originating from Aristotle, which comprises the ideologies of validity of inference and demonstration (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). Therefore, it is a tool to interrogate and understand the world around us, by separating the valid properties from invalid properties (Sayle, 2013). However, it is merely a tool, and may not be the best tool for a particular situation to analyze. At its base, logic reduces to deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning derives a conclusion from the necessary consequence of a couple of true premises (Sayle, 2013). Moreover, inductive reasoning comprises multiple true premises to form a valid conclusion (Sayle, 2013).

Think deeply! Think and keep thinking. Still, not everyone who thinks or thinks deeply is actually critical thinking. You can be highly intelligent or have vast knowledge but that doesn’t mean that you can think critically. Using intelligence and knowledge to reach one’s rationale viewpoint and objective in what a critical thinker does. The opinions and beliefs of a critical thinker stand on firmer ground. Better decisions and problems solving are more credible and supported by reasons and facts instead of false information and statements.

Browne, Keely, McCall and Kaplan, refers to critical thinking as a "Systematic evaluation of arguments based on explicit rational criteria (1998, p.IX)." The authors go on to state that "critical thinking refers to the following: awareness of a set of interrelated critical questions,

How first impressions are formed has been a subject of interest by many researchers in the area of psychology.

To improve your perception one should not rush to judgment based on a few bits of information alone, they must first check the accuracy of their perception. The fact that an action witnessed by 10 people would have 10 different reactions shows the different ways people respond to a behavior. the way we are raised in our families can shape our expectations of situations and how we handle them. Using perception checking, we can eliminate bias or inconsiderate thoughts in handling such situations. A perception check involves three parts to complete: the observation, interpretation, and request for clarification in order to understand the behavior. Being tactful in requesting for clarification in order to understand a behavior can influence how

Comparing ourselves to others to see how we measure up and using past experiences can effect perceptions that we have with others. There are many processes that influence perception. Consciously deciding what information to pay attention to can influence many decisions we make. Understanding different cultures and