Non Arousing

1. Hockenbury, Don H., and Sandra E. Hockenbury. "Chapter 6- Memory." Psychology. 5th ed. New York: Worth, 2010. 282-83. Print

During the time of late adulthood, there are many stereotypes that are simply untrue in many cases. The notion that we age and lose our memory, or unable to fall in love, or become poor and lonely are not true (Berk, 2014). While these incidents certainly do happen, they are not part of the aging process. Some of the more interesting stereotypes suggest that elderly men and women lose their memory and are unable to recollect the past (Berk, 2014). Elderly do tend to develop memory slower or have to think more about the past recall memories of the loss of memory suggest an underlying illness, like Alzheimer's disease or dementia. It can also be a warning sign of an infection.

They focused on the experiment stimuli and the response of the brain. Also, they talked about how older people and people with Alzheimer’s disease have a difficult time with estimating chronological age. “Disorientation to chronological age becomes more pronounced with dementia severity” (“Time Perspective and Positivity Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease”, 2016). It mentioned that people with Alzheimer’s Disease tend to remember more positive images than negative images. In the conclusion it talked about the results they found out and talked about how important using a variety of ages

Furthermore, while numerous studies have investigated the effect of either mnemonic cues and level of processing on associative memory, few have analyzed the additive/combined effect these memory strategies might have on face-name memory performance. A study by Yesavage, Rose, and Bower (1983), comparing elderly participant’s performance across memory strategies proven to enhance face-name associations both replicates and extends McCarty’s earlier research on strategies to improve face- name associations. This experiment both replicates and extends McCarty’s earlier findings of on strategies to improve face-name associations. This study evaluates the efficacy of recalling name-face associations in conditions requiring semantic judgments of the name face association and in condition not requiring affective judgment.

revealed only a main effect o f age but no interactions with age. Thus, the arousal-mediated

Your Ability to Use Your Short Term Memory When Emotions Cloud Judgement: Short Term Memory and Emotions

In addition, there was evidence of directed forgetting for both younger and older adults for recall; Hat through to Baby were particularly high as they were read out first and are moved into the Long-Term memory (Primary Effect), as expected they were the few that were remembered without a problem because the person has time to rehearse each word in their head. Racing Car was amongst the top raters as it sits in the Short-Term memory (Recency Effect) it was well remembered best, because it was the last thing read

Older adults place a high level of importance on detecting memory changes, and knowing whether those changes are normal or pathological in nature (Grober et al., 2008; Grober, Sanders, Hall & Lipton, 2010). PM is one area of memory research where there is a marked difference in performance levels between healthy older adults and those with dementia (Cockburn, 1996; Huppert & Beardsall, 1993), meaning it could be useful diagnostically. Depending on the specific PM task, successful completion may be hugely important (e.g. replacing batteries in a carbon monoxide detector, picking up a grandchild from school), and possibly even a matter of life or death (e.g. take a medication correctly, get brakes in car repaired; Einstein, McDaniel, & Scullin, 2012). PM research helps to clarify differences between pathological and normal memory age-related changes, and also helps to pinpoint where difficulties arise in PM and looks for solutions to overcoming those

FOK judgment is about whether information is potentially available in memory or not. Also FOK is a judgment about one's confidence in the accuracy of retrieved answers. Feeling-of-Knowing occurs when an individual feels that he/she has something in memory that cannot be recalled, but they would recognize it by seeing (Radvansky, 2006). Several studies showed that aging has little or no effect on the resolution of semantic FOKs while it has a significant effect on episodic FOKs (Arbuckle & Cuddy, 1969). This effect differences between semantic and episodic memory might be explain by a lack of recollection during recognition test in old age group (Yonelinas, 2002). In addition, older adults failed to use the contextual information related to

Dennis, Kim, and Cabez (2008) investigated the effects of getting older on neural activity. The study consisted of sixteen younger adults and seventeen older adults. The participants had no sort of mental disorders. For this experiment the participants were shown word-lists that were put into categories and were used for the retrieval of true and false memories. Dennis et al.,(2008) found that older adults do have a poorer performance rate than younger adults. The older adults were very confident in their false answer. But in regards to the true retrieval activity there was an age related

The words that were used in the control group were, starting from the left column: boat, yogurt, brain, rat, and goose. The words used are five English words and the colors that were used were red, green, yellow, black, and blue. This study was conducted at approximately 9:00 a.m on Wednesday April 5th. In order to record the data of the whole class, every person said their own score out loud for both group N and I and we took the

Throughout this Internal Assessment the subjects of recall and recognition were investigated. The aim of this investigation was to see if people recall more words when they are shown in organized groups or disorganized groups. The research hypothesis for this investigation was that participants will recall words if the words are put into organized groups (one- tailed). The research method used for this investigation was an experiment of repeated measures. The average number of recalled words for the participants was 24 out of 50 words and 16 out of 50 words recalled by the participants when the words were presented to them in a disorganized fashion. A Related T-Test was used to analyze the data because the design was a repeated measure with ratio data. The results of the experiment showed that words are easier to recall if presented in an organized fashion versus a disorganized way.

After collecting the results from the first two experiments, the third experiment was used to eliminate any doubt in this experiment. Thirty nine undergraduate students, averaging approximately twenty one years of age were tested. Out of the words listed, there was a stimulus that had nothing to do with the other listed words. These participants were split into two groups randomly, Survival and Pleasantness. The procedure of this experiment mirrors the same procedure as the first experiment.

The results also revealed that the older participants and younger participants performed equally as well on the recall task. Fascinatingly, this result suggests that age has little relevance on the immediate recall of words. The implication of this finding is unexpected

First, a number of studies report an inverted “U” relationship between exposure to stimuli (ranging from nonsense syllables to advertisements) and affect (Crandall, Montgomery and Ress 1973;Kail and Freeman 1973; Zajonc Crandall, Kail and Swap 1974, Anand and Sternthal 1990; Calder and Sternthal 1980). The prevailing explanation is the “two factor theory” that states two opposite psychological processes: positive habitation and tedium mediate the relationship between exposure and affect(Berlyne 1970). Positive habitation is defined as a reduction in uncertainty or conflict in a person’s mind (Cacioppo and Petty 1979). Repeated exposure leads to more opportunities to learn about the stimuli thereby reducing uncertainty and this learning is presumably rewarding and leads to increased affect towards the stimulus (upward portion of the inverted U). The decline of affect (downward portion of U) results from the tedium of repeated exposures to the stimulus. Tedium is defined as a state of