2.3: Open coding, axial coding, selective coding Glaser made reference to open coding and selective coding, while Strauss and Corbin in their re-formulation of grounded theory added ‘axiel coding’ (Dey, 1999). Open coding involves coding the data in every way possible, generating as many categories that might fit, open coding is the primary, or initial coding, while selective coding is a second level coding, selective coding involves delimiting coding to properties that closely relate to the core of the emerging theory (Glaser, 1978 pp56-61). Strauss and Corbin (1990) like Glaser demonstrates the progressive move of coding from general, or abstract to analytic, by describing axiel coding as a set of procedures that make connections between categories by proposing ‘coding paradigm’ which involve paying attention to conditions, contexts, action/interactional strategies, and consequences (Strauss and Corbin 1990, p.96). However the use of coding paradigm in axiel coding mark a key difference and distinction from Glaser’s open and selective coding; coding paradigm allows data to be related systematically in complex ways with combination of density and precision (Strauss and Corbin 1990, p.99) 2.4: Theoretical saturation. One of the criticisms against GT is not knowing the point to halt the cyclic process, or when the researcher may stop data collection and analysis of more data. The process of constant comparison and collection of more data can stop; as Dey (1999) posits:
Theories are the organized concepts that help to define or understand behaviors, relationships or a phenomenon (Green, 2014). Thus, theories are the foundation of scholarly research and act as an outline to carry out a study. They are used to process and analyzing data and contribute to knowledge in literature and practice (Green, 2014; Udo-Akang, 2012). Theories are used to guide research but are also utilized in a parallel process with research to explain and to predict, explain problems, events, systems, and experiences (Udo-Akang, 2012). In a wraparound effect, studies help to advancement theories through the application of the framework to the research methodology (Green, 2014; Udo-Akang, 2012). The theory and its constructs guide the research design (Green, 2014; Udo-Akang, 2012). Existing theories are said to most likely
The definition for Medical Billing is the process of submitting and following up on claims with health insurance companies in order to receive payment for services rendered by a health provider. The definition for Medical coding, is the process of converting diagnosis codes to ICD-9/10 codes and procedure codes into CPT codes. A Medical Biller and Coder may specialize in different areas. One area is in-patient facilities, and another area is in and out-patient facilities. An In-patient Coder works in an in-patient facility such as a nursing home, a rehabilitation centers or a hospital. Coders who work in hospital facility may utilize a different skill set, than those who work in a different kind of a health facility. A Coder needs to be
In order for a patient’s insurance claim to go through correctly, you (as a medical assistant) need to code correctly. In the medical field coding is used to identify diagnoses patient’s have and services provided for them. The codes are then submitted to the patient’s insurance company, so the patient does not have to pay full price for services.
It was my time to descend into the “data mine” or “go down the rabbit hole” to start the process of finding my story in the data I collected. Though I actually started the analysis as I collected the data (preliminary coding, identification of themes, relationships, and intersections), I remained hesitant to speculate too much about the story before all the data was collected. Whenever I did have thoughts or ideas of possible themes and relationships, I wrote a memo or documented it in my field log. I didn’t trust my memory to regenerate my ideas once I was ready to find out if the initial speculations were accurate. Also, I felt that writing
Medical coding is a very detailed process in which health care professionals use to code an insurance claim, to submit for reimbursement of services. In the following scenario, my task would be to explain the process and steps I took, to code patients cases using ICD-9. When coding it’s very important to code correctly to avoid delays in reimbursement and proper reimbursement. The following will explain the steps I took to perform proper medical coding.
How words are interpreted by the mind and effect it has – although this is not explicitly stated, could link to Carter’s distinction between pattern reforming and pattern reinforcing; and pattern reforming could change the way we look at things and support new
Methodologically, the hypothesis is not founded upon methodological impartiality. One of the vital limitations is the absence of
Psychologist Jean Piaget (1936) believed that children are ‘active learners’ and that they are able to grasp concepts by advancing through four stages of cognitive development, these are; the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage and the formal operational stage. These four stages of cognitive development are very similar to constructivist Jerome Bruner’s (1960) three modes of representation (as his ideas stem from those of Piaget). Bruner’s three modes of representation are; enactive (action based) - this involves encrypting action based information and storing it mentally in our memory, iconic (image based) – in this mode of representation, information is stored visually, symbolic (language based) – in this mode, information is able to be stored in code and symbols. Once you reach this mode of representation, actions as well as images stored in our memory
Similar to the previous study, the ICD-9-CM coding classification system was used for case definition of CT and NG cases. A male or female service member of the US Army with a first-time diagnosis (incidence case) of CT infection based on the ICD-9-CM codes 099.41 or 099.5, or with NG infection based on the ICD-9-CM codes 098.0x, 098.1x, 098.4x, or 098.8x) in either the first or second diagnostic position of a record of an outpatient or inpatient encounter of a medical record between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2012 were initially selected. For both CT and NG case, the index date was the date of diagnosis of infection registered in the DMSS. Consequently, medical records (inpatient and outpatient) from all incident CT or NG cases selected
Previously, an explanatory scheme was developed after having coded the artifact in a general manner. By coding in more detail, “you are developing the explanatory schema you have seen until now only in general terms, working on kinks conceptualizing aspects of it you did not think through before, refining it, and extending it” (p. 401). After developing an explanatory schema that insightfully and comprehensibly explains the artifact, the next step Foss dictates is that the critic must complete miniature literature review of any significant concepts found in the schema. The last step before writing the essay is to decide how to frame the explanatory schema in a way that “can contribute to a significant conversation in the communication discipline” (p. 403). After performing the previous steps, the critic can then commence with writing their rhetorical analysis of their
There are two different types of orientations that a theory can be, objective, which uses quantitative data and believes in singular truths, and there is interpretive, which uses qualitative data and believes in multiple meanings and truths. Different types of studies can fall under each of the two approaches, and will be seen further into the course as specific studies and theories are mentioned and examined. Some studies could be concluded as
Identify significance for respondents, interconnection between codes, relate codes to research question and research literature” (Gibbs, 2011a)
Contributors: Major contributors to Schema Theory include Frederic Bartlett, Jean Piaget, Richard C. Anderson, Marvin
Some characteristics of poor science are to test out the expiriment by changing some elements in the expiriment. As stated in the article, follow the other persons repeated expiriment first, and than change the values to see what happens and what you did wrong. If you start the expiriment without the original results or having been tested, than your expiriment is false. You need to mark all the results, so you know what to improve or what went wrong in the expiriment. You need a basis to start at, so you know what you could do to further improve it later on.
This section of analysis includes the way a researcher distinguish and incorporate the collected data and the reflections a researcher produces about this data. Codes refer most often to ‘labels’ or ‘tags’ for attributing units of meaning to the inferential or descriptive data gathered in a particular research study (Miles and Huberman, 1994). Hence, it is notable from the definition above that this part of analysis plays an important role in qualitative data analysis; it is mostly based on the translation and symbolization of data into meaningful units.