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Organizational Leadership And Human Resource Management

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Management is the art, or science of achieving goals through people. More broadly management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups efficiently accomplish selected aims (Kontz and Weihrich 1990, p.4). Therefore management refers to the development of bureaucracy that originates its importance from the need for co-ordination, strategic planning and directing and controlling large and complex decision-making processes. Management is concerned in the key areas of: administration, problem solving, organisational leadership and human resource management.

Management decision-making has traditionally been based on objectives such as sales, costs, efficiency and benefits.…show more content…
The evaluation can be based on the direct assessment of their top management, by means of interviews and questionnaires. This approach, would yield highly accurate outcomes

Management that takes care and acknowledges the importance of employees’ skills tends to achieve superior management outcomes. The term affect is defined as being capable of involving a person’s mind or as being capable of provoking deliberate responses in a person’s mind (Umemuro, 2009). Employees are the fundamental mechanism that drives and maintains an organisation. The study, based on the Hawthorne effect, have indicated that employees who experience more positive affects are more productive, and thus people are at their most productive when experiencing positive moods (Harter, Schmidt, and Hayes 2002). Positive affect is associated with the process of motivating employees (Fisher, 2010, Frederickson, 2003). Studies indicate that organisations with strong employer-employee engagement achieve higher profits (Harter et al., 2002, 2010).

The humans relation theory is an approach to management in which employees are not only motivated by financial reward but also by a range of social factors such as praise, feelings of achievement and pride in one’s work. This theory was developed through research in the 1920s and 1930s at the Western Electric Company (in the Hawthorne studies). Observed by Elton Mayo and Fritz
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