Outbreak At Watersedge : A Parasitic Disease Essay

Toxoplasma gondii is a single celled protozoan that lives and breeds in the intestines of felines. These intestinal parasites are passed to other organisms through the cats’ feces. Typically, humans are infected when cleaning out their cats’ liter box but the parasite can also be introduced through undercooked meat.

3. The edge of the rash is extremely unmistakable and may be textured or have knocks that look like rankles.

A common source outbreak is an outbreak that affects a number of people being exposed to a common pathogen agent or toxin. Back in early 1993 more than 400,000 people were affected with waterborne cryptosporidium infection in the greater Milwaukee area. This massive outbreak was transmitted through the public water supply, caused abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, and fever which resulted in watery diarrhoea.

Naegleria fowleri infection is a deadly disease caused by a form of protist typically found dwelling within warm bodies of fresh water, such as lakes, rivers, streams and unchlorinated swimming pools. It can also be found within soil or in warm fresh water deposits outside of factories. Naegleria fowleria typically reside within fish or other water-dwelling organisms, but they have been known to infiltrate the human body via the nasal cavity.

wells with ergot, a fungus that grows on rye wheat, causing the enemies to hallucinate after ingesting the

The Medieval Era was a time of knights and castles, royals and peasants, plague and famine, war and death. In the 1300’s a devastating plague swept across of most of Europe and Asia. It killed millions of people. Upon reaching Britain it killed over one-third the population. The Black Death, in only a few years, had left a permanent mark on Britain, its economy, the feudalism system and its culture through the cause of the major population decline in the 14th century.

Outbreak at Watersedge game was a fun experience that allowed me to assimilate the epidemiological process, which I used in order to find the infectious agent that caused the outbreak and to identify the disease, caused by that agent. The process I went through in order to start my investigation started at the Watersedge Department of Health, where I visited as a new intern.

     Transmission of the parasite can occur in several different ways. Direct transmission can occur by handling infected animal or human feces. One quarter of reported direct transmission infections occurred by direct contact with feces, while the rest were reported to have happened by person to person contact (Donnelly & Stentiford, 1997).

But, it comes at a cost—a debt he must settle before he’s allowed to take his revenge.

Most parasitic diseases can not be contracted in the United States but when traveling, you can catch it. Luckily, you can take some precautions to avoid contracting them. There are some diseases contracted by consuming contaminated water and food. Some of the preventative measures that should be taken to avoid this is keeping away from drinking the water, swimming only in designated swimming areas, not swimming in freshwater and avoiding swallowing water when swimming, steer clear from cooked food from street vendors, raw vegetables, and unpasteurized dairy foods such as milk or cheese. You should also get specific vaccinations before entering different countries like diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Influenza, Measles, Polio, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis

The apicomplexan Cyclospora cayetanensis is an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects human and causing diarrhea worldwide (Lainson 2005; Ortega and Sanchez, 2010) leading to a significant morbidity and mortality in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts (Legua and Seas 2013). Cyclsosporiosis patients may be gastrointestinal symptomatic or asymptomatic and/ or having extraintestinal constitutional symptoms such as weight loss, fever, chills, muscle aches, joint aches, generalized body aches, headache, or fatigue (Mansfield and Gajadhar 2004). Fecally contaminated water, food or soil with sporulated oocysts of C. cayetanensis are the main sources of infection transmission (Herwaldt, 2000; Crist et al., 2004). The host specificity

Considerable and reasonable. Do evaluate the business requirements of the policy. Whether it is necessary to allow workers are less likely to be due to the flu vacation, employers must be ready to identify a reasonable business policy interest in this case, the challenged patients, clients, or customers or concerned about. In addition to this, do consider the type of policy that suits the business needs. Some employers to all employees receive a flu shot can implement the required policies. Others are asking people to receive specific categories of staff to patients or individuals with access to the regular flu vaccine, i.e., compromised immune systems. No one else can implement the strongly recommended the flu vaccination policy. Moreover,

manner, Santín and Trout (2007) shown that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in older animals is several times lower as compared to calves. The host age is an very important factor that influences the pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium, with calves being more susceptible to infection than adults

Military worms can also be used for reconnaissance. In, 2012, shortly after Stuxnet, the Russians discovered a virus, later named Flame, which had been extracting and dumping all data from Russian computers. The article, “Flame: Massive cyber-attack discovered, researchers say” by Dave Lee explains, “Once a system is infected, Flame begins a complex set of operations, including sniffing the network traffic, taking screenshots, recording audio conversations, intercepting the keyboard, and so on” (Lee). This usage of computer worms demonstrates the versatility of cyberwarfare. Not only can computer worms target specific factories and agencies, they can also be used to collect data secretly from other countries. In this passage, the author says Flame has been “ taking screenshots, recording audio conversations, [and] intercepting the keyboard.” Imagine if the U.S. was attacked by Flame. The virus could have been recording all search history, what individuals look like, and what they have said around their computer for months, while it sends all of this information to another country. This gives some insight into how powerful cyber weapons can be. The have the power to stalk anyone, almost anywhere, while remaining almost completely undetected. Later in the document, David Lee writes, “Whereas Stuxnet just had one purpose in life, Flame is a toolkit, so they can go after just about everything they can get their hands on. Once the initial Flame malware has infected a machine,

In response to these comments, it was then that the FDA added three additional pathogens to the list of qualifying pathogens: Coccidiodes species, Cryptococcus species, and Helicobacter pylori. Coccidiosis species, Cryptococcus species, and Helicobacter pylori. Coccidiosis is a disease caused by fungi from the genes of Cryptococcus that affect living organisms such as humans and animals. Living organisms usually contract this by inhaling the fungi, thus resulting in lung infection that can travel to the brain causing further harm for the organism. Two individuals were first identified with the fungus between 1894 and 1895. The Cryptococci’s can be found worldwide. The main way that disease is spread is also through inhalation with the particular fungus that happens to be associated with several species of bird, particularly old pigeon waste and bat guano.