Ovarian Cancer Essay

KNN method is used here for calculating the occurrence percentage of cancer by uploading the input in excel format. The input data has minimum and maximum ranges of tested values such as WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, RDWSD, DW, MPV, PLCR, PCT, NRBC, NEUT, LYMPH, MONO, EO, BASO, and IG. These values are compared with our dataset containing various ranges and the occurrence percentage is calculated. Let us consider the uploading file name as range.xls. For uploading the following steps to be performed,

Kristin a fifty-six-year-old Caucasian female who has been admitted to the emergency department after complaining of acute abdominal pain lasting three days, bloating with the inability to button her pants, and weight gain despite loss of appetite.  Upon her assessment she has had a long length of family history (maternal side) of cancer which included breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer. She was diagnosed with endometriosis at the age of thirty and reached menopause at fifty-four. With this initial assessment, her symptoms, and lab results she has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is cancer that begins in the ovaries. Ovaries are reproductive glands establish only in women. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) for reproduction. The eggs journey during the fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg embeds and establish into a fetus. The ovaries are also the major cause of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is situated on each side of the uterus in the pelvis. Many types of tumors can generate rising in the ovaries. The majority of these are benign (noncancerous) and never multiply outside the ovary. Benign tumors can be treated effectively by removing either the ovary or the part of the ovary that contains the tumor. Ovarian tumors that are not benign or malignant (cancerous)

Due to the significance, of the hormones and organs involved in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian axis, removal of ones of these organs could have detrimental side-effects for the patient, however, the ovary is often removed for numerous reasons. Therefore, knowing the effects of removing the ovary could have significant clinical implications in patient management and care. Thus the information produced by this study could potentially improve the lives of ovarian cancer patients and provide valuable data to clinicians and researchers. However, the results or conclusions produced by this data could also benefit women that experience menopause as the ovaries are no longer receptive to gonadotrophic signals, producing no estrogen as a result

I decided to do my paper on Ovarian Cancer because it is a disease that runs in my family history. My great aunt died of ovarian cancer when she was 73 years old. My two second cousins were diagnosed with ovarian cancer at age 42 and 58. They were diagnosed at the stages 2 and 4 and have survived. This paper will discuss what ovarian cancer is, how it is detected, who it affects and how it could be treated.

Researchers have discovered several specific risk factors that could change a women’s likelihood of developing ovarian cancer. The risk of developing ovarian cancer as you get older is very likely. Most of the time ovarian cancer is seen in women who are over 40 or after they have hit menopause. Researchers have looked for the relationship between obesity and ovarian cancer and

Ovarian cancer is less common, with a projected 22, 440 new cases. However, it carries a much higher mortality rate.

Question #3 The National Ovarian Cancer Coalition (2012) stated that ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death related to cancer in women ages 35 to 74 and is estimated to occur in one out of 75 women during their lifetime (What is the general outlook for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer section, para. 1). Survival rate depends on which stage the cancer is in when it is diagnosed. If caught and treated early, survival rate is over 90% but if caught in or after stage III, the rate of survival can be 28%. (NOCC, 2012, What is the general outlook for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer section, para. 2)

The BRCA genes are tumor suppressor genes that inhibit tumor growth when functioning normally. When they mutate, they lose their tumor suppressor ability. This results in an increase for women to develop ovarian cancer. Risk factors a 1st degree family member, women who have never been pregnant, increasing age, high fat diet, increased number of ovulatory cycles, and infertility drugs. 90% of ovarian cancer are epithelial carcinomas that arise from malignant transformation of the surface epithelial cells. Germ cell tumors account for

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading cause feminine death. Ovarian cancer is cancer that is located in the female organ that produces eggs. Ovarian cancer is most likely to develop in the females that have lived half a century or more. Ovarian cancer cannot be discovered until it has reached the pelvis area in certain tests. Once it has actually reached the pelvis area, it is considered fatal and this is considered the last stage. There are three types of ovarian cancer: epithelial, stromal, and germ line cancer. Epithelial tumor occurs in the outside layer of the ovary, stromal tumor occurs in the ovarian tissue and germ cell tumor occurs in the egg producing cells. One of the possible causes for ovarian cancer is a known mutation in the

Obesity is another cause for women to develop ovarian cancer because they have too much body mass, compared to women who have a normal weight. In addition, women

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females in the United States. It is anticipated that there will be about 22,280 new cases and 14,240 deaths due to ovarian cancer in 2016 [70]. Most patients present with advanced stage disease, contributing to the high death rate. Generally, these patients are treated with surgical resection followed by platinum-based chemotherapy [71]. A significant problem faced in treating these patients is the high rate of recurrence associated with platinum-resistance. Patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer carry a poorer prognosis with only 7-20% of them responding to subsequent therapies [72]. This reveals the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies targeted at pathways of tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is a disease of an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells that are in the ovaries. Ovaries produce eggs as well as hormones (estrogen, progestogen). Ovarian cancer is found in women because they have two ovaries (the size of an almond) located on each side of the ovaries (Ovarian cancer, 2000). Ovarian Cancer affects a lot of women. Statistics show that the risk of getting and dying from ovarian cancer is one in ninety-five. This cancer is the eighth most common cancer found in women. Women have a risk of one in sixty-five of getting this cancer in their lifetime. Therefore, there is a lot of research gathered that explains: the pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, and medical management.

Cervical carcinoma is the third most common gynecologic malignancy with an approximate 85% of the global burden is from developing countries, where it accounts for 13% of all female cancers [1, 2]. Even though there have been significant advances in surgical techniques, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, there are still approximately 30% of these patients with invasive cervical carcinoma who die as a result of residual or recurrent disease [3].

Multiple studies have examined relative expression of DICER and DROSHA, two key RNAse III molecules critical for microRNA synthesis, in EOC compared to control tissues. Choice of control tissue for comparison is critical for relative expression studies. Each histotype of ovarian cancer may arise from distinct precursor cells (2). For example, high-grade serous EOC may arise from the fallopian tube or ovarian surface epithelium (11-13). Endometrioid and clear-cell EOC may arise from a benign transformation of endometriosis (14, 15). For these reasons, we will define histotype and control tissues used for each study.