Parenting Styles and Child Rearing

An individual’s life and success is most dependent on their family environment and how they were raised. Good parenting is essential for a child’s educational and behavioral success and is a stressed trait throughout the world; however, in different cultures, good parenting can be defined and measured in many contrasting ways. In the United States, parenting and discipline methods have become controversial in the past fifty years, and the methods for raising children have drastically changed in some households.

The day a child is born is a wonderful and happy time in any parent’s life. Parents wish that their child has nothing but a lifetime of success and happiness. No parent thinks that they alone, or rather the type of parent they are can shape who or what their child will become. Parenting styles can vary from household to household, culture to culture, and even between a set of parents. Some parents swear that they will never become they type of parent that their parents were, while others swear by the way they were raised. Now more than ever we hear about how parenting style can affect a child. In chapter 4 of Exploring Psychology, Myers and Dewall (2016) we are introduced to three parenting styles, Authoritatian, Authoriatative, and Permissive, and how these types of parents affect their children’s traits. Many factors like environment, temperament and life experiences will play a role on a child; parenting style can directly affect a child’s traits and how productive of an adult they will become.

A parent’s parenting styles are as diverse as the world we live in today. Nowadays, parents only want what is best for their children and their parenting styles plays a crucial role in the development of children which will in the long run, not only effect the child’s childhood years, but later prolong into their adult life as well.

With over three hundred million Americans and over six billion people worldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrum. These two styles; authoritarian, and permissive both have deleterious results that are often visible throughout different developmental stages, such as rebellious behavior. As well

How a parent raises their child can affect the child later on in life. There are four parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and neglectful (uninvolved). Each of these parenting styles can affect a child in some way. Some parenting styles have more negative outcomes than others. Some have both positive and negative outcomes.

Diana Braumind, a clinical and developmental psychologist, was known for her research of parental styles in the late 1960s. In her study, she and her research team followed more than 100 children of preschool-age. Baumrind 's primary research methods were interviews and observation. With her results, she was able to categorize three different types of parenting styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive. Elaborating on the work of Braumind, two researchers named Eleanor Maccoby and John Martin later added the classification of “neglecting” parenting.

Researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. During the early 1960’s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrid, D. (1967) child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behaviour. Genetic psychology monographs, 75, 43-88). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting; disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication styles and expectations of maturity and control. Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by Maccoby also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby, E.E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental psychology, 28, 1006-1017)

According to Arnett’s book on human development, the four basic types of parenting styles that exist are categorized as neglectful, permissive, authoritative, and authoritarian. Ideally, according to Arnett’s findings, most parents should aim to be authoritative parents, meaning they should aim to posses essential qualities in order to ensure successful communication with their child. Authoritative parents are described as flexible with their children, supportive, and democratic. However, they should also be assertive, set boundaries, and have high standards for their children as well. Even though being an authoritative parent best possible way to raise a child, according to Arnett’s articles, many parents are still permissive and

According to Stefanie M. Okeson a Marriage and Family Therapy, Parenting styles do not only play a tremendous role in the development of a child’s mental health, but also affects their physical health as well. Our parents could be the reason to our low self-esteem, social skills or emotions. Parents can have both positive or negative effects on their child. For example, children facing anxiety and that don’t get treated for it are at a higher risk to perform poorly in school, miss out on important social experience and engage in substance abuse. Parenting styles is also the term used to relate to the behavior used by parents to socialize and control the action of children. The goal of parenting is to have a healthy child with competence and character. There are four different types of parenting style,

There are many approaches on how to raise a child. There are many techniques on how parents/ caregiver wants processed in helping their child grow into a successful person. In the article it talks about the two dimensions of parenting which are acceptance/ responsiveness and demandingness/ control. Acceptance/ responsiveness mentions the parental to be supportive and warm. Demandingness/ control mentions behavior control that shows whether there is a right to direct or control how the parent does work. Based on the findings children of authoritarian parent seem unhappy and children of a permissive are often aggressive. This shows how much of an impact parents have on a child.

All parenting styles associate with the area of a child’s social skills, educational capability, psychosocial growth, and also the negative actions of a child. Parenting is extremely important in a child’s life in order to have a happy and successful life without dealing with unnecessary negative issues that can arise. This portion of the proposal describes literature relevant to the proposed study of this topic. It is organized into four sections: (1) the two aspects on how the parenting styles were based, (2) the four main types of parenting styles, (3) the effects that can result from the parenting styles, and (4) evaluation for results of previous research. The detail of effects on a child’s behavior will be further discussed in the methods section of the proposed study.

Every parent disciplines their child differently, and each style of parenting can have life-long psychological effects on the personality and character traits of the child. Of course, no two personalities are the same - people are going to be who they want to be, regardless of their upbringing. However, the way that parents raise their children has a lasting affect on who they become, regardless of whether the child stays in their parents teachings or not. Studies have indicated that there are four main types of parenting. Obviously no two parents are the same either, as mentioned earlier, and therefore these parenting styles will differ from family to family. The four parenting styles include authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and the most recently discovered, uninvolved parenting.

This includes, the schools children attend, the foods consumed, and the environment the child grows up in (Borkowski, 2000). Particularly, parenting styles have dissimilar effects towards a child with different temperaments (Maccoby, 1983). A parent following an authoritarian parenting style will have a very different atmosphere in the household from parents following a permissive style. With the environment, children grow to follow different, predicted behaviour. As it is proven that parenting is a major influence on children, authoritarian parenting does have an effect on child rearing and shapes the mental health and behaviour of the child.

Parenting types and parenting styles are defined by Schroeder & Mowen (2012) "as the attitudes, behaviors, and interaction styles that, when taken together, create an emotional context in which socialization efforts and family interactions can occur" (pg.229). This time when socialization is occurring it gives parents the opportunity to develop a well emotionally grounded

Parenting styles plays a pivotal role in the development, psychological and social cognitive growth which greatly affect a child, to adulthood. We want children to be physical, emotional and intellectual developed from a child to infancy to adulthood. Child rearing styles are practiced across the country. Parents who are considered as influential masterful, caring, the use of praise, and tend apply sensible practical strategies, while still providing a warm and fostering atmosphere and surroundings, will promote for growth and development in infancy (Timpano et al.2015)