Pathophysiology Of Hypertension

Modern medical advancements have significantly decreased the prevalence and severity of infectious disease as well as the treatment of acute, traumatic conditions. Pharmacological research has also gained insight into the management of chronic disease. Still, there is an epidemic of chronic, treatable diseases like stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Hypertension proves to be the underlying factor associated with these diseases. Hypertension is often referred to as the silent killer because of its indication in deadly disease, and the importance of monitoring ones blood pressure is vital. Lifestyle, diet, and genetic predisposition are all factors of high blood pressure. Chronic high blood pressure above safe levels, known as hypertension, puts elevated physical stress on the renal and cardiovascular systems. By controlling this factor in patients, healthcare providers can decrease cardiovascular events, improve health outcomes, and decrease overall mortality. Patient education is often overlooked in its role in the control and prevention of high blood pressure. This paper analyzes the causes and physiology behind high blood pressure as they relate to the current nursing interventions. The role of nurses is discussed in relation to patient education regarding high blood pressure, and educational approaches are analyzed.

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, has become a major risk factor for several types of heart disease across the globe. In the United States alone, nearly 70 million adults have been diagnosed with this condition [1]. Hypertension is a condition in which arterial walls experience extreme force from blood flowing through; long-term force against artery walls will lead to more serious health problems such as stroke, renal failure, and other cardiovascular diseases [2]. If the proper steps to treat hypertension are not taken, patients have a high risk of developing atherosclerosis, a condition that causes arteries to harden significantly. Smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity, high alcohol consumption, and high sodium intake are factors that may cause an individual to be diagnosed with hypertension [3] Detection of hypertension is crucial in order to reduce the incidence of death by cardiovascular disease [1].

High blood pressure causes vary from person to person. Some of the main causes of high blood pressure are genetics, diet, family history, weight, and use of too much salt. Genetics and family history of high blood pressure go hand in hand. Since family members share lifestyles and genes, that can influence their risk for this disease. Some characteristics that are out of your control that can affect the risk for high blood pressure include, age, race, or ethnicity. Although African Americans develop high blood pressure more often than Whites, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders, American Indians, and Alaska Natives, the lifestyle one lives can

Hypertension is sometimes referred to as the silent killer (Aycock, Kirkendoll, & Gordon, 2013). Today it is a public health problem. According to the American Heart Association 2013 Statistical Fact Sheet (2013), one out of every three adults has high blood pressure, which is estimated at 77.9 million people (AHA, 2013). High blood pressure is also referred to as hypertension. Hypertension is a prevalent medical condition that carries with it the risk factor for increased chances of heart disease and stroke (Gillespie & Hurvitz, 2013). Hypertension remains one of the top 10 causes of worldwide disability-adjusted life years (as cited in Drenjančević-Perić et al., 2011). For the estimated 348, 102 deaths in 2009, high blood pressure was listed as the primary or contributing cause of death (AHA, 2013). Despite the health risk associated with hypertension, the diagnoses of high blood pressure continue to rise. By 2030, hypertension is expected to increase by 7.2% from 2013 estimates (AHA, 2013).

As discussed by Dr. Fink, hypertension is a multifactorial phenomenon. The hereditability based on twin studies suggests levels as high as 30-60%, but a familial correlation may also originate from environmental factors or lifestyle habits. Specific genetic polymorphisms that may contribute include mutations in controllers of vascular smooth muscle tone and the regulators of blood volume (Mitchell, 262). It is important to note that the genetic contribution is most often polygenic in nature and not the result of a single gene mutation. This can complicate the overall picture and prevention/treatment

Hypertension can be identified as either primary or secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is the most common and is typically due to factors like age, race, level of stress, obesity, diet, tobacco use, and/or alcohol consumption in

High blood pressure increases your risk for heart disease and stroke, two leading causes of death for both Florida and the United States (Centers for disease control, 2017). High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is known as the “silent killer” because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not know they have it. Hypertension damages blood vessels in the organs, reducing their ability to work properly (National institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases, 2016). About 1 of 3 U.S. adults—or about 75 million people—have high blood pressure. Only 54% of these people have their high blood pressure under control (Centers for disease control, 2017). Hypertension education, which focuses on controlling the disease with medication, diet, and losing weight, is important in preventing or delaying the progression of serious complications. Most people diagnosed with hypertensive disease will need to see a medical professional who will recommend lifestyle changes to help you control and prevent high blood pressure (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006, p. 1742).

Your food plan may be very important. Consuming excessive amounts of salt may be causing among the problem. Additionally, if you are overweight or overweight the center has to work more durable to pump blood to the rest of your body, so your numbers could elevated significantly. Heavy alcohol use and Smoking are major risk factors for a lot of other ailments as well as hypertension.

When a stroke occurs statistically speaking , 8 out of 10 people had high blood pressure when the suffered a stroke . Again with heart failure . Patients who have heart failure also had high blood pressure . The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known , but several factors and conditions may play a role in its development , including : smoking , being overweight or obese , lack of physical activity , too much salt in the diet , too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day ) , stress , older age , genetics , family history of high blood pressure , chronic kidney disease , adrenal and thyroid disorders , sleep apnea . Although you cannot control all of your risk factors for high blood pressure , you can take steps to prevent or control high blood pressure and its complications . Even by changing your diet and reducing the foods that contain high sodium and salt and eating healtheir can reduce your blood pressure and risk for heart disease . Even by reducing stress from your daily life can help to lower blood pressure . Adequate exercise can help with lowering hypertension and lowering your risk for heart disease . However in today's nursing workforce it is important to inform our patients the steps they can take to live healtheir and to reduce their risk of heart disease and

On average, people with uncontrolled hypertension are:Seven times more likely to have a stroke. Six times more likely to develop congestive heart failure. Three times more likely to have a heart attack.Different types of hypertensionFrom my research, I didn't find any other types of hypertension.What are some causes?In 90% of cases, the cause of hypertension is unknown. This is called

Such things include smoking, obesity, the lack of physical activity, too much salt, too much alcohol, stress, chronic kidney failure, thyroid problems, older age, genetics, and family history. The exact cause of high blood pressure is unknown. In some cases it is not known what is causing one to have high blood pressure. However, the following things listed above are known as contributors to high blood pressure.

Some symptoms experienced by very few is a sudden increase in nose bleeds, dizziness and headaches. On average a person will not present any signs or symptoms from being hypertensive, it is for that reason that regular monitoring of BP is necessary. Syncope can be a result in too much blood flow to the legs and not enough traveling upwards to supply the brain, which causes a person to faint. Despite these subtle appearances, people will not seek medical attention because they do appear as significant problems. Early detection allows us to effectively control the disease. Hypertension often goes unnoticed until it reaches life threatening stages. The gradual debilitating effects of Hypertension is why it commonly referred to as “The Silent Killer” (Ilyas, 2015). Hypertension is a lifelong disease with no cure. Since Vicki has been diagnosed as being hypertensive, she should implement immediate life changing commitments. Following the physicians treatment guidelines will allow her to live a more normal

Extremely persistent elevated blood pressures; systolic over 180 mmHg and/or a diastole over 120 mmHg.

Hypertension is widely considered to be one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (angina, arrhythmia, etc.). It is the second leading disease that causes mortality in the world. Hypertension is the condition when there is an increase in the force of blood on the walls of vessels. It can also be defined as an arterial blood pressure that is raised above 140/90 mm Hg (systolic/ diastolic BP). Hypertension can be classified into Secondary hypertension and Essential hypertension. When specific cause is evident but heredity, and various physiological parameters play a role in increasing blood pressure is known as Essential Hypertension. Secondary Hypertension is one where the cause is known. According to WHO guidelines between 2006 and 2015, deaths due to cardiovascular diseases are expected to increase by 17% while the deaths from infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, maternal and prenatal conditions are projected to decline by 3%. The main causes of hypertension includes the age ,hereditary, gender, extra weight, alcohol consumption, stress life, lazy life etc.

The two major types of hypertension are primary and secondary. Primary hypertension accounts for more than 90% of all cases and has no known cause, although it is hypothesized that genetic factors, hormonal changes, and the altercations in sympathetic tone all may play a role in its development. Secondary hypertension develops as a consequence of an underlying disease or condition. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is a major public health issue. When blood pressure is controlled, cardiovascular, renal disease, and stroke may be prevented. The JCN, reported more than 122 million individuals in American are overweight or obese, consume large amounts of dietary sodium and alcohol, and do not eat adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables; less than 20% exercise regularly. Both modifiable and non-modifiable factors play a role in the development of hypertension