Peripheral Vascular Disease Research Paper

Peripheral Arterial Disease is a common secondary disease that follows Atherosclerosis. Once so much plaque builds up in the arteries, they become block the blood flow. P.A.D. usually affects the lower extremities and can cause intermittent claudication and, if severe enough, gangrene. Many people live with atherosclerosis and P.A.D. and show no symptoms. There are numerous prevention methods for P.A.D that is similar to preventing any cardiovascular disease. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is by far, the best form of prevention.

I enjoyed reading your informative post. There are several risk factors that predispose anyone to develop DVT/PE such as age, obesity, infection, immobilization, hormone therapy, tobacco use, pregnancy, air travel, hospitalization and surgery in particular. As you well articulated in your post , the 44-year-old African American male patient had surgical procedure which is obviously one of the risk factor to developing DVT/ PE and having a cancer tumor makes the tendency of blood clot even worse. The other important risk factor that you haven't mentioned in your post is that for reasons that are not unknown, DVT/ PE disproportionately affect African American "African American men and women have a 30% higher chance

A DVT is a thrombus or blood clot that most commonly occurs in deep veins in the leg or pelvis. DVTs usually start distally in the veins of

Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venus Return also known as (PAPVR) is when the four pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the right atrium. PAPVR is more commonly diagnosed among children. This condition causes oxygen-rich blood to flow back into the lungs instead of forward to the rest of the body. PAPVR is a rare congenital heart defect that can either be total (TAPVR) or partial (PAPVR). If it is not diagnosed and treated early in life it can create extreme difficulties in their life and eventually might need to have a total heart transplant. PAPVR can affect people in many ways; however, it can become life threatening if not treated.

This lower extremities are most commonly affected. Atherosclerosis, Buerger disease and chronic venous insufficiency are some of the conditions that are connected with PVD. Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of plaque made of cholesterol, fat, cellular waste, fibrin and calcium which narrows or blocks the peripheral arteries and it is the most frequent condition that causes PAD. Whereas, venous insufficiency is an obstruction in the flow of deoxygenated blood form the lower extremities to the heart. This is due to weakening or damage to the veins. A nurse assessing a patient with venous insufficiency will find skin and angle discoloration, edema in the legs, heaviness and cramping in the legs and pain described as dull and aching. Buerger disease also known as thromboangiitis obliterans is a chronic inflammation of the arteries. This inflammation causes an obstruction in the small and medium arteries of the arms and legs due to blood clot. Buerger disease symptoms are cool clammy skin, reduced or absent sense of heat and cold along with pain in the legs or feet (hopkinsmedicine.org). The nurse will inform the patient that although Buerger disease causes pain in the leg, PAD causes intermittent pain in the leg which this patient is

Popped blood vessels are usually caused by trauma, malnutrition, certain medications and diseases. It is more common for older people to get popped blood vessels in foot. Because the skin is more prone to bruising due to loss of flexibility. They are also seen more in women than men. Younger people can form them as well. High blood pressure and diabetes is also a risk factor for getting these popped blood vessels.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) happens when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, it usually takes place in your legs. Deep vein thrombosis can cause swelling or leg pains, and you may not get any symptoms at all. Deep vein thrombosis can arise if you have certain medical conditions that affect how your blood clots. Deep vein thrombosis can also happen if you don't move for a long time. I can happen sitting in a car for too long, after surgery, following an accident, or when you are confined to a hospital or nursing home bed. DVT is a serious condition because blood clots in your veins can break loose, travel through your bloodstream and lodge in your lungs. It can block the blood flow and cause a pulmonary embolism.

Peripheral Vascular: Patient denies any coldness, numbness or tingling, swelling of legs or arms, discoloration in hands or feet, varicose veins or complications, intermittent claudication, thrombophlebitis, or ulcers. She states that she crosses legs at the knees occasionally when long term sitting, and she does not wear support hose in these circumstances.

This condition is known as atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, heart attack or stroke can result. Another condition called peripheral artery disease can develop when plaque buildup narrows an artery supplying blood to the legs” (http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol).

According to the CDC (2016) “Approximately 8.5 million people in the United States have PAD, including 12-20% of individuals older than age 60.” This disease affects many people and populations worldwide. PAD is a circulatory condition in which blood vessels are not functioning properly leading to pervasive pain in the limbs of the body. Researchers have uncovered basic information, beneficial treatments, and accommodating preventions; therefore, the public's knowledge about the disease has expanded.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a secondary result of atherosclerosis and it can develop in any of your arteries. When atherosclerosis affects your arms and legs, it is called Peripheral Artery Disease. Atherosclerosis is when the arteries become clogged with clumps of fat, cholesterol and other material called atherosclerotic plaques which causes the arteries to become hard and narrow. These plaques can make arteries so narrow that less blood flows through. You feel pain because your leg muscles are not getting enough oxygenated blood. Oxygen is the fuel that muscles need to contract. Oxygen is also needed to keep your cells living and when oxygen is not present your cells began to die.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a disorder that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein that is deep inside the body. It is mainly associated with veins in the legs, usually in the lower leg and thigh, but may occur in other parts of the body. About half of the people who have DVT show no symptoms, but people who sit for long periods, are over 60 and smoke are at higher risk, and should be aware of possible signs of a problem.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by fatty buildup in the arteries of the heart. Your arteries are made to carry oxygen infused blood to your heart and other parts of your body if it is filled up with plaque, which is the fatty substance that clogs and blocks up the arteries. If it gets clogged enough to where your heart is not receiving fresh oxygen, you could have a heart attack that could cause very serious damage to your body and could even kill you. When you are younger, you can begin to grow plaque in your blood vessels from not eating right and not exercising regularly. When your arteries are being filled up with plaque they become more narrow and harder for blood to get through as easily as it is supposed to be. When you have

Several studies have suggested that PDA occurs in premature babies due to the lungs being underdeveloped and poor metabolizers of prostaglandins. Other risk factors that may be associated with an infant having a PDA is a positive family history of cardiac defects and genetically linked conditions like Down syndrome. Maternal infection with German measles during pregnancy can cause damaging effects to the fetal heart and circulatory system and put the infant at greater risk of acquiring a PDA. Studies have also shown that children born at higher altitudes have an increased susceptibility of having a PDA.

The most commonly encountered form is PV1, and it is most closely associated with paralysis.