Physical and Cognitive Development

396). When blood calcium needs to be replenished, the trabecular bone gives up minerals. The loss of trabecular bone is significantly apparent in men and women in their 30s. However, the trabecular bone can start to desintegrate whenever calcium withdrawals exceed deposits. Furthermore, cortical bone also gives up calcium, however this occurs at a slower and steadier pace. The cortical bone begins to give up ususally around someone in their 40s. Therefore, as bone loss continues, bone density begins to decline, which causes osteoporosis to become apparent. For instance, "Bones become so fragil that even the body's own weight can overburden the spine - vertebrae may suddenly disintegrate and crush down, painfully pinching major nerves" (Whitney & Rolfes, 2013, p. 396). Nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis tend to occur in the older age, female gender, smaller frame Caucasian, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino. In addition, it occurs in people with family history of osteoporosis or fractures. However, modifiable risk factors include, sedentary lifestyle, diet inadequare in clacium and vitamin D, diet excessive in protein, sodium, caffeine, cigarrette smoking, alcohole abuse and low

In general, arthritis is a group of more than one hundred inflammatory diseases that damage joints and their surrounding structures, resulting in symptomatic pain, disability, and system wide inflammation (Rogers). Out of the one hundred plus types of arthritis, the two most common are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Osteoporosis takes place when the removal rate of the old bone tissue is faster than the formation of new bone. Normally in the beginning stages of bone loss there are no symptoms exhibited. When weakness has developed in the bones due to osteoporosis, some signs and symptoms that appear are: height loss, forward bent posture, back pain or fractures that occur easily. Bones are regenerated continuously, the aged bone is destroyed as the new bone is created. As the body ages, and the process of old bones being broken down occurs at a quicker rate than new bone being formed, this process decreases bone mass. The chances of developing osteoporosis is influenced by the amount of bone mass developed in adolescent years. An elevated bone mass at peak level indicates the amount of bone present and indicates that you have less chances to develop osteoporosis with age (Mayo Clinic, 2014).

This paper is will focus on the influences of physical and cognitive development in adolescence from 12 to 18 years of age. This part of the developmental stage has many factors that affect the physical development as well as the cognitive development in adolescence. In addition to influences of physical and cognitive development this paper will also focus on the hereditary and environmental influences that make up this stage in life.

the time of the menopause and in men at about age 55 and leads to an increase in fracture

At this point the balance between bone demolition and bone construction becomes stable. After the age of around 35, bone loss increases very gradually as part of the natural ageing process. This can lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of broken bones. Women are particularly susceptible because bone loss becomes more rapid for several years following the

In this condition, the bones get eroded, become weak and fragile hence more prone to fractures. Vertebrae fractures as a result of osteoporosis may lead to spinal injuries and debilitation. Unlike during childhood, bone growth and repair in old people is impaired. Thus, management of fractures poses a lot of challenges to the physicians. Factors that predispose to osteoporosis include COPD, menopause (due to the reduction in estrogen secretion in women), mal-absorption syndromes, heavy alcohol intake, smoking and use of certain medications that decrease the bone

The osteoporosis causes the bone to become more fragile. As you grow older at the 30s the bone density loss because the density decrease. (Nhs.uk, 2016e)

Arthritis is very common in the United States. I know a hand full of people that have different forms of it. One of the most popular forms of Arthritis is Rheumatoid Arthritis. Doctors have yet to find out what causes

Arthritis is the general term for the group of conditions that damage the joints and result in pain and stiffness in one or more of the body's joints. The most common forms are Osteoarthritis (brittle cartilage), Rheumatoid Arthritis (where the body's immune system attacks the joints), Gout (Created by a build-up of Uric Acid) and Ankylosing Spondylitis (Pain and stiffness in the lower part of the spine).

In current times everyone is constantly surrounded by old and new technology and people, especially children, are constantly using it. A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development talks about how the increased screen time that children are having is linked with lower levels of activity (Santrock, 2016). Activity levels during childhood and the effects it has on physical development has been a focus recently with initiatives by people like Michael Obama and campaigns like the NFL’s Play 60. With obesity more than doubling in children and quadrupling in adolescents in the past 30 years, there has been an increased focus on how diet and physical activity can play a part in the prevention and treating of obesity in children because of the negative health effects it can have (“Childhood Obesity Facts,” 2015). In addition to the importance of exercise in physical development, exercise can also be linked to children’s cognitive skills (Santrock, 2016). It can have benefits for children’s memory, attention, and future cognitive performance.

Arthritis is generally a catch-all term for a variety of joint aches and pains. Medically, there are more than a hundred kinds of arthritis-related conditions. According to the Arthritis Foundation, “ . . . (arthritis)is the leading cause of disability in America.”

• Osteoporosis – it affects joints and bones and the bones can break easily. The bones in the spine wrist and hip are the ones which may be affected particularly in women. Why are women most affected? During pregnancy, calcium is needed for the growing baby, if the mother isn’t getting enough; calcium is drawn from her bones. Between the age of 40 to 50 years, bones start to weaken and bone thinning may occur on the outer shell of your bones. To curb weakened bones, it’s crucial to include in your diet adequate calcium, vitamin D and take part in weight bearing exercises; taking calcium and vitamin D in all your meals aids in building and maintaining strong bones.

When it comes to physical health it does affect your cognitive development when a young child comes from a home where the environment is not the best place to stay when they come to school that focus and mind set is not there at all. Many times in class you may hear a child say there tummy hurts or when is lunch or did they miss breakfast if a child doesn’t eat that morning that’s doing nothing more than stoping there growth and sadly that mental development is not there. This can happen very often when the child lives in poverty where there isn’t enough food in the household for them to eat.

Nowadays, more and more children have obesity compare to the children in thirty years ago. The research showed that children who have obesity in their early age may cause either short-term or long-term consequence. The short-term consequence for the obesity children include low self-esteem and the long-term consequence includes asthma and heart disease. (CDC) The best way to prevent these is to encourage children do at least one hour physical exercise a day within the trained instructor guided. ( Epstein 2014) My paper is mainly focused on how my curriculum promote physical development in a child care center.