Piaget, Bandura, Bowbly and Vygotsky

There are three main theories of development that I shall discuss in this assignment, 'Cognitive', the main theorist being, 'Piaget', (1896 - 1980), The, 'Psychosocial Theory', 'Erikson', (1902 - 1994), and, The 'Psychosexual', of, 'Freud', (1856 - 1939).

Social learning theory is about imitating behaviour. Bandura was one of many psychologists who did some depth work into the subject.

Albert Bandura created the Social Cognitive Theory, which is actions shown or displayed in front of a child is how he/she will act. Bandura has spent most of his life studied the behavioral traits in young children, mostly aggression in younger children. With Bandura’s theory we will learn about why it is so important to demonstrate it in the classroom, the key points of this theory and learn more about Albert Bandura and how he came up with the theory.

Social learning theory, developed by Bandura, discusses how people learn from one another through observation, modeling, and imitation bridging an individual’s attention, memory and motivation. Social learning theory identifies the importance of cognition, observable behavior, individual self-efficacy, and the extent of how the events surrounding an individual affect them; their locus of control. Social learning theory also looks at individual problem behavior being influenced by positive or negative reinforcement (Ashford & LeCroy, 2012).

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory describes the process through which people acquire new info, forms of behavior, or attitudes from others firsthand or vicariously. The likelihood of a behavior presenting itself will rely on the amount of reinforcement it receives and the value that the individual associates to it. While some behavior may be rewarded, others may produce unfavorable responses. An individual will learn from the consequences of these actions and when a similar situation arises, they will alter their behavior according to what was most successful in the past.

Social learning theory of Bandura stresses the importance of observing and modelling, behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. (Bandura 1977) states: “Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do”.

Dr. Albert Bandura, who is the creator of the social learning theory, suggest that individuals learn by examining others. Bandura’s theory is conceivably one of the most instrumental theory regarding learning and development. Bandura’s approach to the social learning theory is that we learn by observing and modeling the actions of those who are close to us. Bandura also suggested that our internal feelings and perceptions helps us to learn through our cognitive behavior. Social learning additionally shows that individuals can learn new material without exhibiting new behaviors.

Albert Bandura was the founder of the social learning theory, which has been renamed the Cognitive learning theory, which stresses the human functioning is the result reciprocal interaction between environment, behavior and a persons’ psychological process (Miloservic). Bandura has done many studies on observational learning, and there are several steps included in this process. The first step is the attention step. This step focuses on how much a person pays attention to one another in order to learn certain things. Anything that detracts your attention, it will have a negative effect on learning. The second step is the retention step. This step focuses on remembering what you’ve learned; images, behaviors, symbolic coding. The third step is reproduction, and this step focuses on how well you paid attention, meaning once you’ve learned and retained the information, them it’s time to perform the behaviors you’ve learned. The forth step is motivation, and this focuses on motivation towards continuing the learned behaviors. Reinforcement and punishment is most important in this step. An example of this is if you reward a student for showing up early for a class, the student that show up late are motivated to show up early to get that reward.

This theory is similar to other learning theories in that it encompasses personality and other aspects of social development. Unlike the social exchange theory, which focuses on reinforcement of negative and positive behavior the social learning theory, focuses on observation and initiation. Reinforcement can increase the likelihood for imitation but is not necessary for learning (Siegler, Deloache, & Eisenberg, 2014). Bandura (1989) states that the interchange of positive behaviors between relationships will exhibit trust and growth within the relationship where as the opposite will occur with negative behaviors. Social learning can occur either deliberately or inadverntatly by observing behaviors and the consequences associated with them. “But most aspects of the environment do not operate as an influence until they are activated by appropriate behavior… The aspect of the potential environment that becomes the actual environment for given individuals thus depends on how they behave” (Bandura, 1989). The social learning theory states that people are both the products and producers of their environment. Bandura also statesm “Social learning is a continuous process in which acquired standards are elaborated and modified, and new ones are adopted. Children repeatedly observe and learn the standards and

The development of social cognitive is perhaps the most important part of developing and learning. I think Bandura came up with a good reinforcement to learning that goes direct to helping people learn by observation. There are three styles of vicarious learning that we expect to change our learning patterns by observation. They are modeling effect, inhibitory and disinhibitory effect, and eliciting effect. Modeling effect help you to duplicate the behavior you observe and it come from social learning theory. It’s occur when new behavior happen and the model doesn’t have prior knowledge of the behavior that is being displayed. I think this is the reason children follow parents and role models to eliminate their behavior. This is important because learning come with rewards and punishment and behavior both positive and negative follows.

Basing his research off of the social learning theory, Bandura conducted the experiment using multiple control groups. Social learning theories believe that “human interaction is the primary factor in the development of human personality.” Important people and those with authority can influence a child’s behavior by “reinforcing certain behaviors and ignoring or punishing others.” If a child sees that it is okay for an adult to act in an aggressive manner, they will most likely also act aggressively. However, if a child sees that others are punished for acting aggressively, they are less likely to perform those actions.

Bandura is best known for his development of The Social Learning Theory. Bandura (1977) stated in his theory that behavior is instructed from the environment through a process known as observational learning. The Social Learning Theory presumes

It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. There are three key components to Bandura’s social learning theory (Abbott, n.d.) observational learning, imitation, and behavior modeling (Bruner, 1990; Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976). Bandura’s social learning theory is based on the idea that observational learning involves the fact that humans often cannot learn for themselves. The learner has the power to influence their learning in new situations by controlling the surrounding environment — whether that environment is imposed, selected or constructed (Bandura 1999). (Hathaway, Muse, & Althoff, 2007, p.

First, Social Learning Theory, in which originated from behavioral and cognitive frameworks, describes how individuals learn from one another (Bandura, 1971). Bandura (1971), the leading advocate for the theory, proposed all learning is the result of interpersonal interactions and experiences, including observation, imitation, modeling, and physiological and emotional responses. Further, he suggested through the process of “reciprocal determinism” a person’s behavior and environment directly influences learning with or without behavioral change. In contrast to other philosophies, this perspective suggests a person is not driven helplessly by internal stimuli or environmental factors;

It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. There are three key components to Bandura’s social learning theory (Abbott, n.d.) observational learning, imitation, and behavior modeling (Bruner, 1990; Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976). Bandura’s social learning theory is based on the idea that observational learning involves the fact that humans often cannot learn for themselves. The learner has the power to influence their learning in new situations by controlling the surrounding environment — whether that environment is imposed, selected or constructed (Bandura 1999). (Hathaway, Muse, & Althoff, 2007, p.