Prostate Cancer In Men

Prostate cancer being a huge cause of mortality and medical expense in men age forty and above has only recently become a topic of general conversation to men in America (Plowden, 2009). African-American men are affected by prostate cancer at a disproportional level than all other men. They are diagnosed up to 65% more frequently and the mortality rate is twice that of Caucasian counterparts (Emerson, 2009). The African-American male is also less likely to take advantage of free prostate cancer screening (Oliver, 2007).

For example, age is the biggest factor. We all know that as men age and get older they run a higher chance of their prostate enlarging and developing cancer. Family history and race are also the other two big ones. If people in your immediate family have had the cancer, then you run a higher risk of contraction because you’re already genetically predisposed to getting prostate cancer. Also, African American men are more likely to be diagnosed with the cancer, with white and Hispanic men following behind. According to the CDC, from the years 1999-2013, black men had higher mortality and contraction rates than men of other races and ethnicities.1 Hormones are also a risk factor; should the male be producing a lot of testosterone could put him at risk.

The goal is to educate men about their risks and encourage them to get a screening. Age and race are factors with African American men having an increased risk factor and higher probability. The American Cancer Society estimates that 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. Early intervention is key to a successful treatment plan.

Prostate cancer originates in the male prostate gland. Cancers in this gland are the most common malignancies, which grow very slowly, and can have minimal effect on a man’s quality of life. However, a tumor in the prostate gland can be problematic for men, especially black men, even though it is only about the size of a walnut. Located below the bladder and in front of the rectum, the prostate provides the fluid that nourishes and protects sperm cells in the semen. Researchers are still debating the cause of this disease, although certain risk factors such as age, ethnicity, culture, environment, diet, and family history, increase the chance of getting it. Prostate cancer affects African American men and early screening and detection are the key factors that can be used to prevent mortality and reduce morbidity, especially in the Brooklyn area.

There are several different types of cancers in the world, including testicular cancer. Testicular cancer is a disease only found in males where uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells are found in the tesicles that is commonly seen in young men from the ages of 15 to 35. Although it is one of the most curable types of cancer, there are different types of testicular cancer where there are several cells that start in a different part of the tesitcles that can cause the development of one or more types of cancer. Testicals are the male sex glands which produce testosterone, hormones, and also make and store sperm. Tesicles, often reffered to as testes, are found behind the penis inside the scrotum, they are about the size of a golf ball, which usually make up one portion of the male reproductive system.

Testicular cancer is known as cancer in the male organs that make male hormones and sperm. Although, cancer is something to be taken serious it does have a ninety-five percent survival rate within five years. This allows five years for males to go unchecked for testicular cancer before any serious consequences that may arise. Another sign of good news is that testicular cancer is rare and only effects one percent of the population. Males who are twenty to thirty five years of age are more likely to be effected by

By race, black men have the highest incidence rate of this disease with an incidence rate of 239.8 per 100,000 men, while Hispanic men have the lowest with a rate of 133.4 per 100,000 men. The death rate of African-Americans is more than double that of any other race with a mortality rate of 56 per 100,000 men2. Recent data indicates that cancer develops in 30% of black men ages 50-59 and in 39% of black men 60-692. This is in contrast to 8% of black men developing it between the ages of 40 and 49. Similar data has been shown for men with a family history . The age-adjusted death rate from prostate cancer has fortunately decreased by 3.4% between 2001 and 2006 and the lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer is 15.9% for American men (i.e. 1 in every 6 men) 2.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men aside from skin cancer. Out of six American men at least one of them will be diagnosed with colon cancer. The prostate is a small gland shaped like a walnut that is in the center of a man 's body within the pelvis. The prostate makes a milky fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation. It is wrapped around the tube that carries urine out of the body (the urethra). It sits just below the bladder.

Prostate cancer is a cancer relating to the prostate, a gland located in front of the rectum and below the urinary bladder (ACS 2015). Prostate cancer only affects the male population because the prostate gland is only found in the male reproductive system (FIS 2015). Among the males in the world, certain males are at higher risk than others due to certain risk factors. One of the biggest risk factors is age (PCF 2015). Only 1 in 10000 men under the age of 40 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer however 1 in 38 men between the ages of 40 – 59 will be diagnosed (PCF 2015). This then shoots up further to 1 in 14 men among the age of 60-69 (PCF 2015). Over 65% of all prostate cancer diagnoses are in men that are over the age of 65 (PCF 2015).

Cancer begins when cells start to grow uncontrollably. Prostate cancer occurs in a male’s prostate gland (a small walnut shaped gland that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm) (Mayoclinic.org, 2015). Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men (Mayoclinic.org, 2015). There are 4 types of prostate cancer such as sarcomas, small cell carcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors and transitional cell carcinoma. Most prostate cancer is considered to be adenocarcinomas due to the cancer developing from the gland cells (American Cancer Society.org, 2016).

Much isn’t said about the prostate and prostate cancer in the mainstream media, except that it affects mainly men who are 40 and older. The National Cancer Institute says it’s the second most common cancer in men in the U.S., after skin cancer. It is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men.

Prostate is an exocrine gland of the male reproductive system, and exists directly under the bladder, in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is most common cancer among men (older than 65 years) after skin cancer. But it can be treated successfully. Some are slow growing and some are relatively fast growing. They can travel through blood vessels to reach other parts of the body and attach to the tissues of that part to grow and form new tumors and damage that tissue. Growths in prostate can be benign (don’t invade the tissues around them and don’t spread to other parts of the body) or malignant (can invade nearby organs and tissues such as bladder or rectum and can spread to other parts of the body).

Lay Abstract: Prostate cancer is a complex disease with multiple tumors originating independently at different stages of growth. Although morphological differences (morphological heterogeneity) has been well recognized, the underlying molecular complexity in each tumor foci has not been well studied. Tumor growth in each foci can be determined by independent driver molecular aberration(s). Understanding the molecular level of differences (molecular heterogeneity) in each tumor foci would help to differentiate the patients who may undergo indolent or aggressive disease course. Further, morphological differences mostly help to understand the stage of the disease, but it is not possible to select appropriate targeted therapy. If different tumor foci carry different driver molecular aberrations, targeted therapy for single molecular aberrations may not yield the curative benefit to the patients. Conventionally, systematic sampling of large tumor foci or high Gleason grade tumor foci have been considered for various genetic and molecular studies. In this approach smaller tumor foci with important driver molecular aberration and high metastatic potential can be easily missed. Therefore, using our novel approach, we propose to screen the entire prostate tissue (whole-mount prostatectomy specimen mounted on large glass slide) to assess molecular differences in each tumor foci using well characterized prostate cancer specific molecular markers.

In order to be treated for prostate cancer, there are several factors doctors must first look into. One of the most important factors is “what are the benefits/side effects of the treatment”? Sometimes no immediate treatment is necessary, mainly in men who were diagnosed in early stages. Some men may never need treatment at all, some just require surveillance of the prostate over time. Active surveillance requires the male to have regular appointments, blood test and rectal exams to keep watch on the prostate and the progression of the cancerous cells. The first form of treatment is radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is the use of high-powered energy to kill cancerous cells. This form of therapy can be administered in two

Cancer of the prostate, a common form of cancer, is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the prostate. The prostate is on the male sex glands, and is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The size of the prostate is about the size of a walnut. It surrounds the part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The prostate makes fluid that becomes part of the semen, which contains sperm. Prostate cancer is most commonly found in older men.