Psych Exam Chapter 12

This assignment will explore the concept of stress by firstly distinguishing between the definitions set out by Selye 919560 and Cox (1976). Following this assignment will critically evaluate the General Adaption Syndrome, SRRS and Daily Hassles explanations of stress and finally, conclude with a discussion on individual differences based on Friedman and Rosenman’s research.

Society defines stress as anything which forces us to change. Through technical terms stress is defined as “a negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taking or exceeding a person’s resources or ability to cope.” To explaining stress researchers came up with the “Cognitive appraisal model”, this system works to tell us whether we believe we have enough resources to deal with the situation without becoming stressed. For instance as a now college student those who have had previous experience taking finales in high school can have less stress than those who have not taken it. This is because they have previous experience with taking the tests and learning how to study while those who have never taken one can become extremely stressed over the unknown of the test. Stress is one of the sub branches that is attached to the world of health psychology. Health psychology is a quickly growing branch that deals with the way the mind and body work together. Psychologists that work in the health field came up with the biopsychosocial model. This model explains the complex interaction with biological, psychological, and social factors.

2. The caring mother was looking to assuage her son after he was hurt on the playground.

A sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause. A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome. Feelings of severe despondency and dejection. Panic Disorder. Anxiety. Depression. These mental illnesses affect millions around the world. They can trigger physical illnesses, hallucinations, and even death. Nevertheless across the globe, there is yet to be recognition for how serious these mental illnesses are. Within Australia, one in five citizens will experience some form of a mental illness during their lifetime. That means that there are people in this room that have or will experience one of the diseases. However, it’s likely they won’t be recognised as physically being ill.

A hypothesis is an explanation that can be tested based on observation. A statistical hypothesis is testable explanation based on observation and different variables. A null hypothesis explains what the results of the experiment will be if the original hypothesis is wrong. An alternate hypothesis is the opposite result if there is or isn’t a null hypothesis. Semmelweis hypothesized that bacteria/virus filled extremities resulted in higher death rates.

(TCOs 7, 8) A young child watches her mother make pancakes. She wants to please her mother so she pays attention. However, when she goes to make them on her own, she can’t break the eggs for the batter without making a terrible mess and dropping them on the floor, no matter how hard she tries. Her attempt failed because of a problem with which part of the necessary components for observational learning? (Points : 5)

Ultimately, as with all reliability, in this case it would be the responsibility of the author (e.g., Reale, 2013) for assuring these psychological measures sustained reliability, for all participants. Therefore, after submitting her proposal to an Institutional Review Board (IRB), in conjunction with her principle investigator (PI), the assigned IRB obtained positive reliability results. The tas-20 (see Bagby, Parker, & Taylor 1994), received: “(Cronbach’s alpha = .81) and test-retest reliability (.77, p < .01)” (Reale, 2013, p. 21); whilst, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980) received: “..standardized alpha coefficients for this subscale for males = .68 and for females = .73, and the test-retest reliability for males = .72, and for females = .70)” (Reale, 2013, p. 23).

* Predict: Offering predictions (or hypotheses) about how a given condition or set of conditions will affect

Although research supports the use of SIP as a multiple social assessment tool, they acknowledge the emotional component was not well articulated in their model despite its importance (Yagon & Margalit, nd, p. 145).

It is a tool used to measure the individual's mental and emotional well-being. Mrs. Smith's test participation and performance indicated that there was sufficient quality and complexity in her responses. Her results are valid and interpretable.

In retrospect to Leanne, I have only so far mentioned a few of the stressful life events that are occurring and if I was to add up her units with just these few events, she would be scoring 65 units for a marital separation, 44 units for a major change in the health or behaviour of a family member, 18 units for major change in social activities. 29 for major changes in work and 38 in major changes in financial state. These alone without all her other problems and issues add up to 194 units; meaning per Holmes-Rahe model, she is more likely to have a breakdown in the next 2 years. Even though the SRRS does not take into consideration the individual differences in this model and the data does not prove that stress causes illness, therefore we cannot say that life changes cause illness. However, there appears to be a relationship between life changes and illness; consequently, giving you an insight into just how stressful Leanne’s life is.

The results can also be supported by previous studies such as the study of Hindman where he found that MBSR is capable in reducing stress. The changes could be measured in university students for both conditions also by testing their psychological distress (Hindman,

B. Relevance Stress is what you feel when you react to pressure, either from the outside world (school, work, after-school activities, family, friends) or from inside yourself (wanting to do well in

     First, stress is defined as an unpleasant state of emotional and physiological arousal that people experience in situations that they perceive as dangerous or threatening to their well being (Patel, 14). Stress is a universal feeling to everyone but the word stress means different things to

developed and taught to help reduce the negative impact of these variables and promote positive coping