Referential Statistics Paper

The main audience being targeted in this article is those who already smoke and those who are thinking about smoking. One thing mentioned in the article is the fact that smokers are usually lighter in weight. In my personal opinion, I would rather eat a balanced diet and walk daily rather than walk around with a cigarette in my mouth and risk

Women have been targeted by cigarette ads through things like losing weight, being independent, and having fun. More women are smoking than ever before because there is a societal need for women to be thin in order to be perceived as beautiful and/or wanted. As far as unique concerns for women smokers, the textbooks states that women who smoke will have more wrinkles than nonsmoking women, and that “lung cancer has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths among women” (p.386).

Not a day goes by without us hearing about the dangers of smoking and the numerous effects that cigarettes can have on the human body. We have all see the thousands of television commercials urging people to quit smoking, including the infamous ‘Marlboro Man,” who died from cancer due to the cigarettes he once promoted for many years. Smoking is often used as a weight control strategy among female smokers. The pressures that women sometimes feel to look a certain way can be overwhelming and make women desperate to fit into society’s idea of what women “should” look like. There are many different “so called” benefits that come from smoking such as reduced anxiety, improved mood, and weight control. On the flip side, these benefits can easily be achieved through physical activity and proper stress management.

One advertisement suggests that women should “reach for a cigarette instead of a sweet” (Audrain-McGovern, J, and NL Benowitz). A study conducted by Fulkerson JA, found that “Adolescents, especially girls, report starting to smoke and continuing with the habit for purposes of weight control and weight loss”. Smoking is often thought as a way to control appetite and weight. Researchers Wee CC, Rigotti NA, Davis RB, Phillips RS from Harvard University found that “Young adults who are trying to lose weight are 40% more likely to start smoking cigarettes”. Although smoking may cause weight loss, after quitting “...smoking, typically gain seven to nineteen pounds” (81). Tobacco companies market their product as a tool to weight lose, when in actuality smoking can cause weight

The table that was chosen from Health United States, 2014 report, was on the following determinant of health: “Current cigarette smoking among adults age 18 and over, by sex (female), race and age; United States, selected years 1965-2013”; this table (below) was listed as table 52 on the report, found on page 182. Using the data from the selected table, a specific health problem that should be the focus of one research subject in public health is cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is a specific health problem because the table, shows the trend of cigarette smoking (with some variation), on the decline for all categories for females (race and age) as years progress. The problem of cigarette smoking still needs to be addressed

Tobacco use is a major threat to public health. Lung cancer and heart disease are the major causes of mortality and morbidity among smokers. In addition to that, second hand and even third hand exposure to tobacco smoke represents a risk of cardiovascular disease developments. With the increased awareness of these risks, a trend towards smoking cessation started years ago. As part of this alteration electronic cigarettes were initially introduced to the U.S market in 2006 as a healthier alternative to conventional tobacco cigarettes, and as a smoking cessation aid. Since their introduction to the market, e-cigarettes had widespread success among smokers, non-smokers, pregnant females and even youth, their sales increased by 1437% since 2008.

The effects of smoking have been the ongoing cause of numerous health problems in America. While this may be considered common knowledge for most people today, for many generations before us, the effects of smoking were virtually nonexistent in the minds of common citizens. Even once they were discovered, the consequences of smoking were constantly brushed under the rug by tobacco companies in fear that if people became aware, their companies would lose business. In effort to end the lack of awareness within society, the FDA launched a campaign to expose the “#Real Cost” of smoking cigarettes. This campaign includes a series of powerful advertisements calling attention to the endless list detrimental side effects caused by tobacco.

The prevalence of smoking and tobacco use by women increased from 6% in 1924, 3% in 1965, with 18% women smoking in the United States (Benson et al., 2010). smoking has increased globally but it is more prevalent among women in developed nations. This is leading to an increase of different health conditions, which were believed as male-dominated, like lung cancer, COPD, acoustic neuromas, and pituitary tumors. The need for policy measures also arises from the fact that tobacco use is a growing epidemic as first reported by the U.S. Surgeon General's Report. Smoking in women is a public health concern since is causes an annual average deaths of 178,311 in women in the U.S., and he increase in women is in contrast to a decrease in smoking by men

If the ban against smoking in public were to be put into action, smokers will reduce their intake of cigarettes, because they are not legally allowed to smoke in public. They will reduce their intake cause without as many areas to smoke; they are forced to reduce their cigarette intake. Therefore, with the minimization of cigarette input into their bodies, there will be a decreased risk of defects from nasty, cigarettes. And there over a million other defects of smoking cigarettes than the ones quoted above! Imagine; babies damaged and ridden with cigarette related diseases, children carrying their puffers with them everywhere cause of their cigarette related asthma, and children failing school because their academic performance has been corrupted by their frequent cigarette intakes. Is this a world you would like to live/remain living in, or would you like to continue listening about the horrible defects of heavy cigarette intake? Also, thorough research has proven that the reduction of cigarette intake will benefit the smokers’ health. Nina S. Godtfredsen, with a Medical Degree and a Philosophy Degree, along with her associates in Copenhagen University; provided research for Obesity, Fitness & Health Week, which is one of the world’s largest sources of health information newsletters. From the October 22nd, 2005 newsletter, the results for the observation

Smoking is the primary cause of preventable diseases and premature mortality globally (Samet, 2013). It causes a series of health conditions, ranging from cancers in the respiratory tract and cardiovascular diseases to psychiatric disorders (Kuper, Adami & Boffetta, 2002). Smoking is found to be disproportionately more prevalent among the disadvantaged individuals in society (Marmot & Wilkinson, 2006).

In the United States, there is around 400,000 deaths each year because of cigarette smoking. Tobacco use has more deaths each year than other drug use such as alcohol, and also other lead deaths in America like car crash injures, suicide, and murder together. To put it another way, smoking also can increase chances for strokes, coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and death from chronic obstructive lung disease. People must know of the truth about smoking stands to be the number one leading cause of death in the United States due to the increase chance of developing coronary heart. In like manner, women should know of the dreadful cost that smoking can have for them, For example, smoking increase the risk of stillbirth and infertility in woman. Additionally, women who smoke tend to have earlier risk of osteoporosis or lower bone density than nonsmokers. Consequently, they also have an increased risk of hip fracture than a female nonsmokers.

Cigarette smoking has been well documented to cause a wide range of health conditions such as heart diseases and respiratory problems and it is a major risk factor for getting various kind of cancers (Simpson & Nonnemaker, 2013). Besides illness and death, there are several research evidences presenting that cigarette smoking results in less productive life years and for mounting needless health care costs. Globally, the preventable deaths caused by tobacco smoking accounts for over 5 million deaths yearly (Wilson et al., 2012). Currently, there are over 1 billion smokers in the world and over 80% of these smokers are living in low and middle income countries

Regardless of the facts above, cigarette is still an interesting issue to be explored because of its two-side effects. For them who get benefit from it such as cigarette user or smokers may think that smoking is part of lifestyle, self-actualization and individual free will (Carrigan, 1995). Some sources also identify that smoking can lowers risk of knee-replacement surgery, Parkinson 's disease , obesity, death after some heart attacks and helps the heart drug clopidogrel work better (Allam, Campbell, Hofman, Del Castillo, & Fernández-Crehuet Navajas, 2004; Tanaka et al., 2010; tobaccoinaustralia.org.au, n.d.; Wanjek, 2011).

Smoking, specifically cigarette smoking, causes 87 percent of total lung cancers deaths in the United States (Smoking, 2015). The numbers of cigarette smokers are increasing dramatically, with an alarming focus on young, college aged women. In research conducted of women aged 18 to 22 from 119 colleges throughout the United States, 28.5% were found to be active smokers. It is believed that this dramatic increase in college aged, women smokers is due to the high stress and changing environments of these women. This is a time when young adults are transitioning from the comfort of high school to the more rigorous demands of college. These demands come from higher academic standards, as well as the adjustment to living on your own without the accustomed parent supervision. As students begin to experience this stress and look for a coping mechanism, especially for women, they turn to the instant relief found from smoking cigarettes. In the same age population of college women ages 18 to 22, of women who report that they smoke regularly, research has found that 75.5% say they began smoking and continue to smoke because it relaxes and calms them from everyday stressors. (Gaffney, Wichaikhum, & Dawson, 2002).

In today’s society, many individuals will go to any length to extend their life expectancy to as long as possible; which begs the question, why are cigarettes still so commonly used? Science and medical reports have proven that smoking cigarettes has the potential to subject the individual to several life-threatening health effects such as lung cancer, COPD, Emphysema, cardiovascular disease, and an increased risk of stroke. Through the years, many global advertising campaigns and organizations like Action on Smoking and Health, American Lung Association, and American Cancer Society have been working to put a stop to smoking and the tobacco industry. In order to prevent future generations from the hazards of smoking, it is crucial that today’s society join the anti-smoking initiative and quit the dangerous habit.