Separatory Funnels Lab Report

Experiment 55 consists of devising a separation and purification scheme for a three component mixture. The overall objective is to isolate in pure form two of the three compounds. This was done using extraction, solubility, crystallization and vacuum filtration. The experiment was carried out two times, both of which were successful.

This Lab Report is an analysis of the results of a two-part experiment. In the first part, we used a gel filtration column to separate the components of a mixture composed of protein and non-protein molecules. By doing so we hoped to obtain fractions that contained single components of the mixture, while also gaining insight into the relative molecular weight of each component compared to each other. We would then plot these fractions onto nitrocellulose paper in order to determine which fractions had protein. In the second part, we would use the fractions which we had determined had protein to conduct an SDS-PAGE. By doing so we hoped to determine an estimate on the molecular weight of the proteins present in each fraction by comparing it to a tracker dye composed of a variety of molecules of differing molecular weight.

The objective of this extraction experiment was to achieve a comprehensive understanding, as well as master the practice, of the technique of separating various individual components of a compound.

Using SN1 reaction mechanism with hydrochloric acid, t-Pentyl alcohol was converted to t-Pentyl chloride in an acid catalyzed reaction. The reaction took place in a separatory funnel designed to separate immiscible liquids. The crude product was extracted by transferring a solute from one solvent to another. The process of washing the solutions by phase transfer was used in order to remove impurities from the main solvent layer. Finally, the crude product was dried with anhydrous Calcium chloride and purified once more by simple distillation technique.

It was hypothesized that Cup 3 with the soda water would have the greatest amount of chemical weathering because of the soda water having the highest pH balance at the beginning of the experiment. Seeing that is was the most acidic; would create the most results. After conducting the experiment, the hypothesis was incorrect. After completing the experiment, the results for the soda water ended up being the cup with the second lowest change in mass of the rock. The rocks beginning weight began at 11.7g and ending at 11.6g., resulting in a change of -.01g. The rock that was in Cup 1 with the 50% vinegar solution had the greatest change in mass. The rock weighing at 8.3g, and then weathering down to 7.0g. Cup 1 had a total change of

Use 25 pipette filler by attaching a 25 ml tube, pulling up the water by pushing the button on the pipet to make it go up to 25 ml and let go of the button.

In this lab, extraction was use as method for separating a mixture of compounds. Specifically, Benzocaine and Benzoic Acid were individually isolated from a starting mixture which consisted of both components. A percent recovery was found for both. The percent recovery found for the benzocaine was 1%, while the percent recovery for benzoic acid was 35%. These low percentages are result of errors during the experiment. One source of error was during the separation of layers. When separating the two layers, some of the top aqueous layer flowed out with the bottom layer. This happened in all of the separation steps, and caused slight impunity in the compounds. This error could have been prevented by more concentration during this part of the experiment.

Discussion: By understand which separation and purification does in order, we see each eliminates a contaminate. For example, Decantation removes solids from the mix as see in Table 1. Can the order of the separation and purification change the result? If we were to Filtration first it would have pulled out the solids as well but clogged the Filtration system, as we would be eliminating too much of the contaminate at once. Slower it rate of change.

The purpose of this lab is to understand the process of eliminating an alkyl halide to form an alkene. The experiment is carried out by first converting the alcohol, 2-methy-2-butanol, into the alkyl halide of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane that will then be put through dehydrohalogenation that favors elimination reaction (E2) to create a mixture of 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1-butene. A fractional distillation will be taken to purify the mixture and an additional gas chromatography will be done to further analyze the mixture composition. A bromide test will be done to determine the product of an alkene in the experiment.

To calculate the expected number of pipette tips needed per month take the number of pipette tip per sample to multiply it with the average sample analysed per month, 5 x 100 = 500.

In this experiment were used three separation techniques: extraction, sublimation and recrystallization. During the first method, 0.70 g sample of salicylic acid-naphthalene mixture was dissolved in 10 ml of diethyl ether. The solution was placed in a separatory funnel and 10 ml of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added to it. After the initial gas was

Column Chromatography and TLC of Spinach Group Experiment 3 – Individual Lab Report (Save as pdf and submit, due by 12:00 NOON one week after experiment) Last Name: Wang First Name: Zoey Lab Partner(s): Sue Wang TA Name: Sosthene

Gel-Filtration Chromatography is a commonly used method used in order purify a protein from a mixture, by means of separations. Different biomolecules differ in size, or their molecular weight. In the gel matrix inside the chromatography column, there are gel beads which are porous to allow certain sized molecules to enter. The molecules that are able to enter the pores of the gel, are held in stationary phase and will elute from the column later on, these are usually smaller, to medium sized molecules. Larger molecules that are not able to fit in the pores will elute out of the column first, they are involved in mobile phase where they just go straight through the column without interacting with the gel beads. Smaller molecules will have a higher elution volume, while the larger molecules will have a lower elution volume. The volume to elute the protein is inversely proportional to the molecules size.

By using acid-base extraction techniques, a three-component mixture was separated into its individual components which included an acidic, basic, and neutral component as previously mentioned. A separatory funnel was the mechanism used to carry out this procedure. Its easy handling allowed for thorough mixing of the solution. It was equipped with a stopper which was opened to release pressure from inside the funnel caused by the heat from one’s hands and also the reactions taking place within it (1). Without inverting the funnel and relieving pressure the funnel would’ve exploded. The stopcock was useful for precisely drawing off each layer. However, if the separatory funnel had been shaken too violently an emulsion would’ve formed. An emulsion is when the layers do not clearly separate. Instead, one cloudy layer will form. During this procedure an emulsion was avoided by using proper gently swirling technique.

Alcohols react with hydrogen halides (HCl is used in this experiment) to yield the resultant alkyl halides and water. The insolubility of the alkyl halide in water allows the separation of it from the aqueous layer using a separatory funnel. The alkyl halide, then, were purified