Similarities And Differences Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells

When life arose on Earth about 4 billion years ago, the first types of cells to evolve were prokaryotic cells. For approximately 2 billion years, prokaryotic-type cells were the only form of life on Earth. The oldest known sedimentary rocks found in Greenland are about 3.8 billion years old. The oldest known fossils are prokaryotic cells, 3.5 billion years in age, found in Western Australia and South Africa. The nature of these fossils, and the chemical composition of the rocks in which they are found, indicates that these first cells made use of simple chemical reactions to produce energy for their metabolism and growth. Eukaryotic cells evolved into being between 1.5 and 2 billion years ago. Eukaryotic cells appear to have arisen from prokaryotic cells, specifically out of the archaea. Indeed, there are many similarities in molecular biology of contemporary archaea and eukaryotes. However, the origin of the eukaryotic organelles, specifically chloroplasts and mitochondria, is explained by evolutionary associations between primitive nucleated cells and certain respiratory and photosynthetic bacteria, which led to the development of these organelles and the associated explosion of eukaryotic diversity. Today Prokaryotes

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have similarities just like they have differences. They both are types of cells, use a cell membrane, contain ribosomes, and store DNA. Furthermore, they differ in size, where they store their genetic material, what kinds of organelles are found in each, the kind of DNA they have, and the makeup of their cell walls. All living organisms are important; however, what they are made from is just as

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. The chromosomes which are found in prokaryotes are usually spread in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells the chromosomes remain together inside the nucleus and there is a clear nuclear membrane that is surrounding the nucleus.

Well prokaryote is the name given to organisms that are made up from cells that lack a cell nucleus or cells that lack any membrane-encased organelles (a specialized subunit within a cell). In lamens terms, in prokaryotes, the DNA is not bound or held together inside a nucleus. Prokaryotes also only have a single loop DNA. Last but not least prokaryotes are divided into groups or domains but more about that in a minute.

Now that we understand the properties of life and the composition of cells, we can focus on the architecture or formation in terms of basic anatomy and physiology as our second area of exploration. The two types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) defined before have a few common things such as Plasma membrane (similar to animal cells); Cell wall (similar to plant cells); and Ribosomes, the

A cell is defined as the smallest and most basic 8nit of life-microscopic, self-contained units enclosed by a water repelling membrane. The human body is composed of approximately 100 trillion cells. We also learned that a genome is the complete set of genes of an organism, or also known as genetic information. We learn that a gene is a segment of DNA that codes for distinct genetic characteristics, such as having O-type blood or a dimpled chin. The cell theory plays a large part in chapter 3 because chapter 3 is all about cells. Cell theory, is one of the unifying principle of biology. This concept has two main parts: Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all cells living today came from a pre-existing cell. The cell theory pretty much states that cells come from other cells, and that all individual cells are alive. It also states that all living and only living things are made of cells. We also learn about prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are any of one of the two major groups of living organisms. Only bacteria and archness are prokaryotes are prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are often known as “pre-nucleus” organisms. Prokaryotes are approximately ten times the size of eukaryotes, lack membrane bound organelle, and are the oldest fossils. Prokaryotes are approximately 3.5 billion years old. Eukaryotes are one of the two major groups of living organisms. They include animals, plants, fungi, and protists. These eukaryotes are known as “true-nucleus”. Eukaryotes are approximately ten times the size of prokaryotes, have membrane bound organelles, and are also the oldest fossils and are approximately 2.1 billion years

Eukaryotes have an enclosed nucleus with paired DNA. Intracellular structures in prokaryotes have plasma membrane and lacks sterols. Eukaryotes have sterols with plasma membrane. Both have a cell membrane. Prokaryotes have a cell wall.

Cells can be traced back to the basic structure of life. Cells make up all organisms such as, plants, the human body and fungi. There are different types of cells. The thing that differentiates Eukaryotic cells, which are animal and plant cells from Prokaryotic cells is the membranous organelles that are in the cytoplasm and chromosome proteins. The Eukaryotic cell nucleus contains most of the genetic material and controls all activity. mRNA translation happens in the ribosomes which carries out protein synthesis of the cell, while DNA replication occurs at the nucleus. Ribosomes are critical for protein assembly which is important for cellular functions. Also, there is endoplasmic reticulum, it has 2 type: rough and smooth. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for metabolic processes and lipid synthesis.

Both of them are composed of cells, which are surrounded by a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Both have flagella. Prokaryotes have protein building blocks, while Eukaryotes has multiple microtubules. Both have cell wall. On Prokaryotes it includes peptidoglycan and is chemically complex while in eukaryotes it is chemically simple. The DNA in prokaryotes exists in a space called nucleoid and it is circular DNA while eukaryotes have linear DNA and it is organized into a higher-order structure. Both have ribosomes that are used for translation of RNA into proteins. Both of them can perform transport, DNA replication, transcription, translation, and movement. Although, they have similarities, most are carried out within organelles in eukaryotes.

cells. Evidence of endosymbiosis is exemplified through the salient similarities between prokaryotes and mitochondria . Mitochondria and prokaryotic cells both possess identifiable cell membranes, with each mitochondrion having its own circular DNA genome (Purdom, 2006) that is similar to, but smaller than a bacteria's genome.This DNA is received by the offspring from

In the replication process of DNA, there are similarities between the process of replication of a Eukaryote cell and Prokaryote cell. There are also differences in both processes. The most notable difference would have to start with the cell themselves, which may add to additional differences in the processes. A prokaryote is a more simplistic cell with less DNA and a Eukaryote cell is much more complex with vast amounts of DNA.

Their structural similarities are the reasoning behind why one might say that they belong to the prokaryotic domain, being structurally very similar, especially on the first glance. The unique properties will be discussed further later in this essay. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN EUKARYOTES AND ARCHAEA Though structurally, prokaryotic cells seem more similar to archaea than eukaryotic cells, yet when one inspects their DNA, similarities between DNA replication, transcription and translation appear. The DNA polymerase in archaea and eukaryotes are not related to any prokaryotic DNA polymerase, suggesting that these two are of common origin. Other components used in DNA replication are similarly only shared between eukaryotes and archaea (y).

Eukaryotic cells - found in animals, plants and fungi. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is sectioned off from the cytoplasm in its own membrane compartment called the nucleus.

A cell is a dynamic and complex structure surrounded by a very thin membrane known as a plasma membrane or a cytoplasmic membrane. This membrane acts as a barrier between the inside of the cell and the outside, which results in different chemical environments on either side. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules, so it can regulate substances coming in and out of the cell. These membranes have played a crucial role in the evolution of prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes. (Figure 1) In prokaryotes, there is only one type of membrane i.e. plasma membrane but in eukaryotes, they have intracellular membranes compartmentalizing its contents into chambers called organelles. These organelles have their own specific functions; they interact with each other and the membrane to work as a unit.

Cells are the basic building block of life. Cells can be either Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic cells. Organism can only contain either one but not both of them. Prokaryotic cells are usually much smaller than Eukaryotic and are less complex. Bacteria are made up of one or more prokaryotic cells. Bacteria are made up of one or more prokaryotic cells. While Eukaryotic cell are found inside plant and animal life. Eukaryotic are more advanced and larger. Prokaryotic cell were the first to live on earth they appeared around 3.5 billion year ago and the Eukaryotic appear around 2.1 billion year after (Campbell Essential Biology, 2012).