Sludge Lab Report

I. LIQUID - Identification of an Unknown Liquid: Using the physical properties of Solubility, Density, and Boiling Point.

Our objective for the Sherlock Holmes Experiment was to illustrate that some chemicals can be identified or differentiated by simple chemical tests, such as solubility, pH, or color tests. In our group we had to test come common powders such as Alka-Seltzer, baking soda, flour, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and salt. Other chemicals that were used to do this experiment were vinegar, and Iodine 2 Solution. The equipment used to do this experiment was red litmus paper, and 5 test tubes per group.

The primary goal of this laboratory is to correctly identify an unknown substance. To achieve this task, one may use various tests that reveal both chemical and physical properties of a substance. By comparing the results of a known substance and the unknown substance, one may eliminate alternative possibilities and more accurately predict the undisclosed compound. Furthermore, by performing these tests, data can be collected and verified regarding chemical and physical properties of the unknown. Understanding the chemical properties of a known substance aids one’s understanding of the unknown based on comparative analysis of the results of the tests.

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

The water and oil mixture seemed to have a “cleaner” look to the water; it had a light

This experiment was done in order to understand both fractional distillations and gas chromatography. In addition, this experiment was done to separate and identify two liquids that made up an unknown mixture. Gas chromatography was used to figure out the ratio of these two liquids.

The purpose of this lab is to separate a mixture and determine the percentages of each of the ingredients. Each substance will have a different boiling point due to its intrinsic properties and from that, we will be able to determine the purity of different products as we evaporate off the next level of product.

Table 2: Consists of color extract taken from a red cabbage for a natural indicator. The pH reading that was measured by using the pH meter and the result of the pH reading to determine whether the solution was acidic or basic.

The goal of the experiment was to identify Unknown 33A and 33B. Unknown 33A was a white, crystalline solid that had a sweet cherry smell and Unknown 33B was a beige, yellowish color liquid that was translucent and had a viscosity similar to water. Also, the liquid was homogenous and smelled sour, similar to mildew.

The purpose of this lab was to identify unknown substances using density. We had three unknown substances; a yellow liquid and two metal rods. For each substance we measured volume using the water displacement method in a graduated cylinder and mass using a triple beam balance. Then we calculated density using the formula density (g/cm3)= mass (g)/volume (cm3). The data we collected in the lab is in the table below. After comparing our data with the density chart we were able to determine the identities of the substances. The liquid was cooking oil and the rods 1 and 2 were copper and aluminium, respectively. In conclusion, density - a characteristic property- is important because even though many substances may look the same but have different

In this experiment, the identity of an unknown compound will be deduced from analysis of physical properties, boiling points, IR spectra, chemical tests, and melting points of derivatives. This experiment allows for individual selection of chemical tests, order of steps, and additional analysis, as necessary, based on what is needed to determine identity of unknown.

The mixture was cooled to room temperature and 40mL of of water was added. The stopper was placed on the flask and shaken until the liquid residue solidified. After the product solidified, the flask was placed in an ice bath and the solid was was broken up with a string rod until it was a fine powder. The product was then collected by vacuum filtration and was washed three time with 5-mL of cold water then left to dry.

The purpose of this experiment is to identify an unknown substance by measuring the density and boiling point. I will be able to conclude which substance is my own from a list of known options stating what its real boiling point and density is.

I have learned a lots from doing this experiment. I have learned that the substances in a mixture are separated by the differences in their physical properties. The more different the properties are, the easier it is to separate the substances. I learned different ways to separate the materials ,for example, we can use magnet to separate iron or metal. We can use water to separate sand and wax because wax will float but sand won’t. Sand will not float because sand weighs more than water and that’s why sand pushes the water out of the way and sinks. In the future, i would love to investigate that what other materials floats or sinks and why. And i would love to learn that what physical properties will i need to use to solve chemistry problems about

The purpose of this lab is to determine whether a liquid is hard water or not.