Symptoms And Treatment Of A Tooth

There are four main criteria required for caries formation: a tooth surface (enamel or dentin); caries-causing bacteria; fermentable carbohydrates (such as sucrose); and time. The caries process does not have an inevitable outcome, and different individuals will be susceptible to different degrees depending on the shape of their teeth, oral hygiene habits, and the buffering capacity of their saliva. Dental caries can occur on any surface of a tooth that is exposed to the oral cavity, but not the structures that are retained within the bone. All caries occurs from acid demineralization that exceeds saliva and fluoride remineralization, and almost all acid demineralization occurs where food (containing carbohydrate like sugar) is left on teeth. Though most trapped food is left between teeth, over 80% of cavities occur inside pits and fissures on chewing surfaces where brushing, fluoride, and saliva cannot reach to remineralize the tooth as they do on easy-to-reach surfaces that develop few cavities.

Non odontogenic toothache, as its name suggests, is a painful condition that occurs in the

The truth is the high sugar levels in a person’s body can adversely affect his oral and gum health. Studies claim that a person with diabetes may have unexpected dental complication because of his abnormal blood sugar condition. As per the reports published by many researchers, it shows that diabetics are at an increased risk of gum disease. Dental professionals also accept the fact that people with poorly controlled diabetes are more likely to develop gum disease eventually. Just like any infection, gum diseases do affect a person’s insulin levels and blood sugar levels. Sometimes, gum infection can also lead to an abnormal rise in the blood sugar level in a person. Commonly, diabetics develop a condition known as gingivitis, thrush (fungal infection in the gum) and dry mouth. The reason of diabetics getting more gum disease is because of the susceptibility towards bacterial infection due to high blood sugar.

An abscessed tooth can be an extremely painful condition to have, but many patients are under the impression that this is a problem they may be able to treat on their own. Often, these individuals assume

Inflammation that extends deep into the tissues and causes loss of supporting connective tissue and alveolar bone is known as periodontitis. Periodontitis results in the formation of soft tissue pockets or deepened crevices between the gingiva and tooth root. Severe periodontitis can result in loosening of teeth, occasional pain and discomfort, impaired mastication, and eventual tooth loss. Although prevalence estimates differ on the basis of how the disease is defined, the prevalence, severity, and rate of disease progression clearly varies worldwide.4,5. Periodontitis is generally more prevalent in developing countries,6 although disease may not necessarily be extensive or severe in indigenous populations 7.

Infection control is very important in the health care profession. It’s very important that we as a dental assistant make sure we follow the guidelines to protect the patient, the community and ourselves. Health care professionals, who do not practice proper infection control, can expose multiple bacteria and diseases to others. The main objective is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases from both patients and health personnel. Today, infection control is a continuous concern for its professionals. We have to contact patients routinely and be exposed to their blood, saliva, dental plaque and pus that may contain infectious pathogens. It is important for the dental professionals to treat these fluids as if they are infectious and take special precautions when handling them. In this essay, I will go in detail of infection control practices in dental clinics and how infectious microorganisms are transmitted in the dental clinic. Also, I will talk about some infection control guidelines that are important in dental clinics and how to protect the dental professional environment and dental professions.

Clinically, root caries appears as a soft, irregularly shaped lesion, either totally confined to the root surface or also involving the enamel at the cemento-enamel junction. (Flaitz) It is more easily detected on exposed root surfaces. It has been found that 10% to 20% of root caries lesions are found subgingivally, especially at the interproximal region. The most common locations also include exposed roots of the mandibular premolar and molar areas. On a dental radiograph, root surface caries appears as a cupped-out or crater-shaped radiolucency just below the cemento-enamel junction. Early lesions may be difficult to detect on a dental radiograph.(Hassan)

The human mouth is home to a complex biological environment in which a variety of microorganisms reside. With its composition of bone in the jaw, muscle in the cheeks and tongue, epithelium covering most structures, and teeth with a calcium enamel layer, organisms living in the mouth are selected that have structures built to withstand and utilize anything that passes through their environment. The mouth, or oral cavity, plays a major role in human respiration and digestion, making it a location in which various substances pass through and the environment can quickly change. In order to increase chance of survival, bacteria of the teeth form a biofilm, known more commonly as plaque, within which they can grow together in a more defensive manner. Biofilms form when planktonic bacteria attach to a surface and secrete an extracellular matrix of polysaccharide, and as more microorganisms group together they create a film on the surface. (7) In the case of dental plaque, bacteria become less vulnerable to the effects of antimicrobial agents that are often found in toothpastes and mouthwashes, as well as showing physiologic variations of structure compared to planktonic organisms that have not yet settled into a biofilm. (2) This formation also allows the bacteria to become more

I 've suffered from Bipolar Disorder most of my life. Admittedly it 's a condition most people don 't know much about. I 've felt for the longest time that dentists need some sort of background in mental disorders. Because of that, I decided to write this article, from the viewpoint of a dental patient. Going to my new dentist, I had to provide a background medical information sheet. Several illnesses were missing, so in the other section I had to write 'Bipolar Disorder. ' I was skeptical, and slightly worried as to what was the point of admitting my disorder, but did anyway. It wasn 't long before I discovered that I did the right thing by sharing, but unfortunately, my dentist had no understanding. Approximately ten minutes into my

This could be causing the surrounding bone to slowly become infected. The pus however could also indicate gum disease, which would usually be associated with inflamed soft tissue and an abnormal loss of bone that surrounds the tooth. If you find yourself with a fever, difficulty breathing and swallowing, swelling around your tooth, pain when biting or even a foul tasting discharge, then please do contact us immediately.

The disadvantage of the placement of implants into the sockets of teeth with periapical lesions is the potential for implant contamination during the initial healing period because of remnants of the infection.(8,13,162)Bacteroides species can inhabit tooth periapical lesions while being encapsulated in a polysaccharide that promotes its virulence, survival, and importance in mixed infections. Bacteroides forsythus has been shown to persist in asymptomatic periradicular endodontic lesions and may survive in

Gingivitis is a mild reversible periodontal disease that results in inflammation of the gum tissue. If not treated it can lead to irreversible damage of the associated ligaments and bone that support the teeth, leading to a more serious condition known as periodontitis (Arndt and Nagelberg, 2010). In most cases of gingivitis, bacteria normally found in the mouth ingest and convert carbohydrates into acid. The combination of bacteria, acid, food, and saliva form what is known as plaque (Wood, 2006). If plaque is not removed, it hardens and becomes calculus, which is usually found built up around the base of the tooth. The bacteria found in plaque also contribute to the inflammatory response by releasing toxins that

The microbiota in root canal treated teeth with persistent infection is composed of more restricted group of microbial species in comparison to primary infection .The microorganisms present in root canal treated teeth depends on the quality of the treatment and obturation of the canals. Teeth that has been poorly treated contains the organic and inorganic residual and the microflora are not completely eliminated which on suitable environment become more viable. These incompletely treated root canals harbor the similar microflora as in primary infection that may contain up to 30 species. But in the properly treated canal it shows

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease process which is initiated by bacterial challenge and characterized by destruction of tooth supporting tissues. It is the most prevalent form of bone disease in humans and a modifying factor of systemic health of patients 1. However recent evidence suggests that mere presence of putative periodontal pathogens is not sufficient for initiation of disease process 2. It is rather persistent host inflammatory response against those pathogens that leads to periodontal tissue destruction 2.

The most abundant type of cell is bacteria. It is a single celled organism that rapidly multiplies and lives on almost all aspects of the environment. Most bacteria were discovered and studied in laboratories during the 20th century. However, more recently scientists have been able to study bacteria in its natural environment due to advancements in technology, such as microscopes. With advancements in equipment, along with scientists, it is now known that most bacteria live in complex communities called biofilm. The study of biofilms has grown exponentially in recent years due to increased awareness of its impact on natural and manufactured systems, as well as human health. It is reported that biofilm cost the U.S. billions of dollars every year in product contamination, energy losses, equipment damage and medical infections (Montana State University CBE, retrieved 2016). To understand the important of biofilm it is necessary to understand that it is a form of bacteria that is densely packed in communities of microbial cells that grow together and adhere to a moist surface. These complex communities of bacteria contain many strains and include a multistep formation that is vital. Oral biofilms contain communities of disease causing bacteria and if left uncontrolled can be related to periodontal disease. For the dental hygienist understanding what biofilm is will be just as important as understanding its formation.