Symptoms and Treatment of Diabetes: A Case Study

They include: heart and blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums and teeth. In regards to the heart and blood vessels, there are approximately 65% of death that is caused by diabetes due to major complication of heart disease and stroke. In the peripheral artery diseases diabetes also plays a major role in the cause of poor blood flow in the legs and feet. Many studies show that controlling diabetes can prevent or stop the progression of heart and blood vessel disease. Blood vessel damage or nerve damage may also lead to foot problems that can lead to amputations. More than 60% of leg and foot amputations not related to an injury are due to diabetes. Another complication of diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in the U.S. There has been a number of eye problems that if not addressed can lead to eye blindness which include: glaucoma,cataracts and diabetic retinopathy. Ninety percent of diabetic-related blindness as study shown could be prevented if there would be regular eye exams and timely treatment of diabetes-related eye problems. Furthermore, kidney failure is also one leading cause of further complication that resulted from uncontrolled diabetes in the U.S. It is said that drugs that help lower blood pressure can help the chance to developing kidney failure by 33%. Also diabetes on nerves can lead to loss of sensation or pain and burning of the feet because nerves are harmed due to over time high blood sugar levels. It can also

Diabetes is a serious medical condition that can also be a risk factor for the development of many different diseases and conditions including dementia, heart disease, and CVA. Thus, effective management of diabetes is very important. Patient compliance can be difficult to achieve if the person affected with diabetes is not educated about the illness or treatment, has not fully accepted the diagnosis or its severity, will not change habits or believes that the prescribed treatment regime is too difficult or ineffective, has cultural beliefs conflicting with the treatment regime, experiences stressful events, lacks social support, or suffers from psychiatric issues unrelated to diabetes (Gerard, Griffin, & Fitzpatrick, 2010). As one may expect, adequate education programs are essential tools when dealing with diabetics. Solid education will provide the patient with information as well as teaching the necessary skills to manage the disorder. The primary focus of any diabetes education program must be to empower patients as a part of the multidisciplinary team. This team should be focused at integrating diabetes into the lives of the patients and this focus should be based on the decisions made by the patient, otherwise the treatment plan can be looked on as forced (Gerald et al., 2010). Every patient stricken with diabetes has the right to benefit from an education program of this type. First, basic education and facts should be administered directly following the diagnosis of

Mrs. Jameson is an African American 69-year-old retired teacher who was diagnosed with advanced type 2 diabetes one year ago. She has been responding well to the interventions, including medications, dietary measures, and physical exercise, until recently. She was admitted into the emergency room with muscle weakness, vomiting, fatigue, headache, and confusion. Physical examination revealed that her skin was dry and had lost its turgor, while an osmolality blood test revealed an elevated level of sodium in her blood. She confirmed that in the past week, she had breached the diet as was indicated by a dietician, and had been consuming less water. She further confirmed that she felt unfulfilled due to the disease, and the recognition that she was getting older ‘made’ her seek fulfillment by ‘living her life’. Mrs. Jameson saw diabetes as a limitation to the full enjoyment of her last days on earth, and said she has left it all to God.

This can lead to loss of sensation in the limbs and causing deformities in the limbs like Charcoat’s joints. Damage to the nerves can also affect the gastrointestinal tract and result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. These problems might affect KK activity of daily living (ADL’s), school attendance and works in the future. Thus, the school and future employer should be well informed regarding this matter to. Diabetes patient usually have poor immune system and are susceptible to infection. Left untreated, cuts and blisters can become serious infections, which often heal poorly and may ultimately require toe, foot or leg

In Joan’s case it could possibly be due to her type 2 Diabetes where her body is unable to make adequate insulin or insulin resistant as her doctor recently

Mrs. Smith is a 28 year old, African American. She stands 5 feet and 6 inches tall, weighing 180 pounds. She is a single mom who is in her twenty eighth week of pregnancy. She has mentioned to her doctor that she was experiencing polydipsia, polyuria, and headaches. At her most recent visit with her obstetrician, she was diagnosed with gestational diabetes. A glucose tolerance test was used to diagnosis Mrs. Smith. This test consist of measuring how well glucose is absorbed by the body. A fasting glucose measurement is taken. Mrs. Smith then drank a solution that contained 50 grams of sugar. One hour later, her blood sugar level was re-measured. Her results came back positive. A second three hour test was ordered that contained 100 grams of a sugar solution. Her blood glucose levels were checked at fasting, one hour, two hours, and again at three hours. By administering these tests, it was determined that she had gestational diabetes based upon her consistently high blood sugar level readings. She has already gained twenty pounds in her pregnancy and admits to splurging on desserts such as cake and ice-cream quite frequently. She does however maintain a healthy diet except she is only consuming about 50 grams of protein daily. She is a third grade teacher at an inner city school. Both her parents have type 2

According to the American Diabetes Association, diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia associated with diabetes results in failure of various organs including eyes, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels (American Diabetes Association, 2016). Possible complications of diabetes include heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, leg amputation, vision loss, nerve damage, and premature death (World Health Organization, 2016).

Janet is at present in good health, although she has had to endure four surgeries: 1) quadruple bypass; 9yrs ago. 2) Operations (2014) on fractured fibula. 3) Esophageal (2012) and 5) Cesarean section in 1975, she is optimistic about her health but she lives one day at a time. She has monthly check ups with her general physician, who seems to believe that Janet is in good condition. She is currently managing her health without any medications, other than aspirin.

The crew entered the patients’ house to find her in bed unable to weight bear. Her left knee appeared red, swollen, and the skin was tight; it felt hot, was very tender to touch and the movement was limited with minimal range of motion. She was also experiencing left hip

Diabetes can cause several complications in the eyes. Some of those complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataract, and glaucoma. Diabetic retinopathy is a defect in the retina. Diabetic macular edema is when the macula swells. Cataract is when the lens of the eye clouds. Glaucoma is optic nerve damage (“Facts About Diabetic Eye Disease”). In the kidneys, hyperglycemia causes damage to blood vessels. The lack in effective blood vessels in the kidneys can ultimately lead to kidney failure (“Diabetic Nephropathy - Topic Overview”). As aforementioned, diabetes causes wounds to heal slower. To be more specific, there are usually foot injuries that are related to diabetes. It’s more difficult for small injuries to heal on the foot, and those small injuries can turn into ulcers (Dening). Another complication applies to the nerves. The nerves end up damaged, because the blood vessels are damages. This causes a lack of sensation in the extremities. The term for this is diabetic neuropathy (“Nervous System”). DKA stands for diabetic ketoacidosis. This is a nearly fatal condition, and it is when the cells cannot get the sugar that they need, mostly because of a high lack of insulin. As a result, muscle and fat from the body are broken down (Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Topic

Summarize the epidemiological findings for relationship between PA and this disease in terms of mode, duration, intensity (be sure to address dose response)

She reported having dizziness, headache, weakness, and increased urinary frequency. She stated that the chest pain started a week ago while she was at work, but she has been having those symptoms for about a month. She takes naproxen (Aleve) for her chest pain. She came to the emergency department around 6 am. Her vital signs were normal, then they were a little bit different the second time. Her blood pressure was elevated. It was around 170/90. I took her blood pressure a third time then it was 109/78. There were labs that were drawn, and the most significant one was her blood glucose because it was really high. It was 453, when the normal level is 70-100. Her urine also appeared cloudy, and her urine specific gravity was also high. The patient has been diagnosed with new onset of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM). Her urine specific gravity also shows some dehydration as

Anthony has pre-diabetes. Pre diabetes is a condition in which a person has all the symptoms of type 2 diabetes but their blood glucose levels are not high enough to be diagnosed with type two. (Diabetes Australia, 2015). The whole body can potentially be affected by diabetes. The main system affected is the endocrine system. (Lemone 2015, p.577). Insulin is a hormone in the body that allows glucose into cells that provides them with energy. Type 2 diabetes occurs when there is an insulin deficiency. (Australian Institute of Health and Wellbeing 2015). Insulin is created in the pancreas. Because glucose can’t get into the cells, it builds up in the bloodstream. This can cause tiredness, blurred vision, thirst and frequent urination. Diabetes

We really have to be aware that Diabetes is one of the most common worldwide diseases, suffered by about three hundred and fifty million patients in the world's growing population every year by a large margin,and is likely Physicians of the World Health Organization that the disease candidate to be the reason dimensions of death in the world over the next two decades,where the cause of this disease is the inability of the pancreas to secrete the required amount of insulin or insulin product that is ineffective, so we must take care for improving therapeutic ways as a step for healing if possible. continuous and effective glucose monitoring can improve a person's quality of life for many years. Being able to control glucose levels easier allows

Over time, diabetic patients can affect the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The adults with diabetic will be at risk of getting heart attacks and stroke because of micro vascular and macro vascular involvement. Cases associated with decreased lower blood circulation and neurological damage (nerve damage) increase the likelihood of foot ulcers with infection and infiltration leads to lower limb amputations. Diabetes may be responsible for 2.6% of global blindness. Diabetic is a major cause of kidney failure