Table of Contents
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
Background…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4
Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………..7
• User and ISP Cooperative (Option 1)………………………………………………………….7
• Website Accessibility Certification (Option 2)……………………………………………7
• Top-Level Domain Classification (Option 3)……………………………………………….8
Legal,
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The primary piece of legislation used to regulate telecom providers is the Telecommunication Act of 1996. This paper will examine the characteristics, and point out similarities, of telecommunications providers and information services such as the internet. Additionally, regulation of telecommunications and the lack of regulation for information services will be addressed. Finally, recommendations for potential ways to regulate information services, the potential legal ramifications of such regulation, and the technical considerations regarding the recommendations will be identified.
Background
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was the first major overhaul of United States telecommunications law in nearly 62 years, amending the Communications Act of 1934. This Act was a major stepping stone towards the future of telecommunications, since this was the first time that the Internet was included in broadcasting and spectrum allotment. One of the primary goals of the law (Title III specifically) was to let anyone enter any communications business “to let any communications businesses compete in any market against any other." Also, the new Telecommunications Act allowed the FCC, and Congress, to "update" the old - and outdated - Telecommunications Act of 1934.
For purposes of regulation by the Federal Communications Commission under the U.S.
This new law will change the rules for competition and regulation in the communications industry.
Information technology industry is developing very fast today. Being self-accelerated, information Technology develops ever more rapidly than the millions of users require. Moreover, the technology is important not only for general users but also for business operations. That is because it provides both tangible and intangible benefits that help to increase profit and ensure the effectiveness of customer service. These factors basically make information technology organizations extremely profitable. However, the financial success of any organization including information technology organizations depends not only on demand for the services but also on a number of other factors. One of these factors is federal law. Federal laws aim at
Before the Federal Communications Commission, the FCC, existed, there was the Federal Radio Commission. To go into more detail, though, regulating communications in the United States has been going on since the Radio Act of 1912. This was mainly so the military, emergency responders, police, and entertainment companies could get their signals out over the airwaves to the right audiences without any interference. The Radio Act of 1912 established a commission to designate which airwaves belonged to who: those for public use and those for various commercial users. The Federal Radio Commission was established in 1926 to handle the country’s radio needs, which were becoming more and more complex. It was in 1934 that Congress passed the Communications Act. This replaced the Federal Radio Commission with the Federal Communications Act. What was a huge change from the previous regulations in place was putting telephone communications under the FCC’s control. The FCC was also established to help break up monopolies over communications that developed in 1934, most notably, breaking up NBC, which eventually spawned ABC.
With the expansion of digital and online marketplaces, the FCC’s responsibility to promote free market principles and business has never been more important. The order goes on to describe how it will use its’ legal authority to promote free market expansion, “We marshal all of these sources of authority toward a common statutorily-supported goal: to protect and promote Internet openness as platform for competition, free expression and innovation; a driver of economic growth; and an engine of the virtuous cycle of broadband deployment” (FCC, 120). By promoting open internet and the virtuous cycle, business and digital marketplaces have a secure and reliable medium to buy and sell goods, and promote business and other start-ups. The commission’s legal authority is derived from section 706 (FCC, 121). The order also aims at modernizing Title II, an act that helps promote investment and business activity (FCC,
Paul Anderson Mrs. Decker English IV 4 March 2018 Net Neutrality Internet is a new and constantly changing environment. In such a growing place, there needs to be regulations.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates telephone and internet services in the United States. In 1934, the FCC passed the Communications Act of 1934 Communications Act of 1934 which helped establish telephone service across America (Federal Communications Commission, 1934). The FCC is working today to make internet service available to as many consumers as telephones. The Communications Act of 1934 Communications Act of 1934 regulated the Bell Operating Company and this company included most of the telephone companies in the United States in 1934 (Federal Communications Commission, 1934). AT&T was the monopoly provider of telephones in 1934,Universal Service | Federal Communications Commission however the areas AT&T did not
“The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was created when Congress passed the Communications Act in 1934 which abolished the Federal Radio Commission and transferred jurisdiction of radio licensing to the Federal Communications Commission. This also included the telecommunications jurisdiction which was previously handled by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The
President Bill Clinton created the Telecommunications Act of 1996 to promote fair competition in the United States telecommunications market. President Clinton’s goal was to establish an open market so that any business can compete in the telecommunications field. Since the creation of the Telecommunications Act, there has been a bevy of radio and television mergers. One can safely say that with all the recent mergers, some companies have become monopolies in their respective fields. The Telecommunications Act primary focus is to help businesses compete against other businesses so that the consumer can reap the benefits of lower prices for services, a wider selection of services from different companies, more jobs, and a better
The FCC’s move will allow companies like Comcast, AT&T and Verizon to charge internet companies for speedier access to consumers and to block outside services they don’t like. The change also axes a host of consumer protections, including privacy requirements and rules barring unfair practices that gave consumers an avenue to pursue complaints about price gouging.
Scott, Colin. "Regulatory Innovation And The Online Consumer." Law & Policy 26.3/4 (2004): 477-506. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 May 2016
By putting internet alongside the same services are telecommunications, the laws regarding net neutrality would be clear and concrete for ISPs, especially the rules on blocking and throttling connections, which is overall beneficial for maintaining net neutrality in the United States. The vague statements in the Open Internet Order would become clearer and ISPs would be held accountable for breaking its principles. These regulations would further improve the user experience, as section 224 of the Communications Act would make internet service a universal service. This meant that ISPs would have to provide affordable internet services, as well as preventing ISPs from tracking the online behaviours of their users, as explained
The Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the "Communications Act"), and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations and policies also significantly impact Comcast’s decision on the company's businesses, including cable system and broadcast station ownership, video services customer rates, carriage of broadcast television stations, broadcast programming content and advertising, package of programming to customers and other providers, access to cable system channels by franchising authorities and other parties, the use of utility poles and conduits, and the offering of high-speed internet and phone services (Marketline, 2013). Failure of Comcast's businesses to comply with the laws and regulations may result in administrative enforcement actions, fines and civil and criminal liability. In as much that laws, policies and regulations are much stricter in the U.S. this would present significant risks to the company's businesses which may affect its operating
The emergence of the Internet and the World Wide Web brought upon a medium of communication with a range of opportunities for the world. However, this medium is, in due course, subject to the control of a few major companies. The enigma of information flow is the central concern of net neutrality. Consumers, competition and network owners would benefit directly from the regulation of network neutrality because it would provide a positive impact to those parties as well as provide equality.
Regulation of the Internet is a volatile topic. One reason comes from the very nature of the Internet. While not entirely different from
The business case presented focuses on insatiable demand amongst a growing population for a service built on dilapidated, poorly maintained infrastructure, against a backdrop of government deregulation in the telecoms sector. As of 1992, there were a mere 78k telephone lines for the 27m people living in 4.7m households (a population set to double over the coming 24 years), with users suffering success rates of just 25%. Demand was forecast to grow to 500k subscribers by 1996. The recent deregulation of the telecoms sector (via the break-up of TPTC into TPC and TTCL) and the formation of a regulator (TCC) had