Teneligliptin Synthesis Essay

There were a few safety concerns in this lab. Both phenacetin and acetanilide are known to be mild irritants, thus contact with skin and eyes should be avoided or minimized around the unknown. Another issue to keep in mind is that we will be moving glass from hot to cold surfaces, which can cause the glass to crack or break. Extra care should be taken when lowering the temperature of a beaker to avoid this issue.

Aspirin was synthesized by reacting salicylic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of phosphoric acid, H3PO4, as a catalyst:

The goal of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin. In this experiment aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. In the reaction the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring in salicylic acid reacted with acetic anhydride to form an ester functional group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in the solution as well as some sulfuric acid, aspirin, and acetic acid. Crystallization, which uses the principle of

VOCABULARY: Without using the internet, write the definition for the words you know. Then if you have blanks look them up in your textbook. (middle of the book A)

The aspirin crystals were washed by pouring 10 mL of water over them through the funnel.

Coumadin (non specific name: warfarin) is an anticoagulant, or blood diminishing drug, that is endorsed to numerous patients who are at danger for creating blood clusters that could bring about heart assaults or strokes. Warfarin is near the most astounding purpose recently and simultaneous investigations of medications that provoke ER visits and occurring an expansion in healing center based offices with the affirmation of patients. Anticoagulation treatment stances perils to patients and over and over prompts unfavorable solution events in light of complex dosing, fundamental ensuing watching, and clashing patient consistence. As a result, various patients who meet current evidence based principles for warfarin treatment are not being managed

Introduction First isolated in the 16th century, gauifenesin is an effective expectorant that can be found in several allergy, cough, cold, and flu medications (Wildman & Coleman, 2003). What makes it so effective is its ability to both loosen and thin bronchial secretions (clearing congestion) as well as increasing coughing which makes breathing easier (Course Lab Notes, 2015).In this experiment, a Williamson ether synthesis was used to create guaifenesin.

In 2007, PPCPs such as diclofenac, iopamidol, musks and carbamazepine were identified as future emerging priority candidates. Ibuprofen, clofibric acid, triclosan, phthalates and bisphenol A are proposed additions to this list [45].

An effective breast cancer treatment in some women can be traced to the root of the disease. Some of the most aggressive form of breast cancers are caused by a transmembrane receptor protein known as Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) which is a member of the HER family of receptor tyrosine kinase. Approximately 20,000 HER2 receptor are normally expressed on surface of healthy breast cell however, in about 25% of breast cancer cells the HER2 protein is overexpressed resulting in tumour cells with as many as over 2 million receptors present on their surface. This cancer is known as HER2 positive (HER2+). The effect of HER2 overexpression is an increase in receptor mediated intracellular signalling causing the cell

Norcantharidin (NCTD), the demethylated analogue of cantharidin, has been used to treat human cancers in China since 1984. It was recently found to be capable of inducing apoptosis in human colon carcinoma, hepatoma and glioblastoma cells by way of an elusive mechanism.1 Norcantatharidins and their analogues are synthetic anticancer agents which have been used in various different procedures for the inducing growth arrest and apoptosis of tumour cells and also provide therapeutic and adjuvant therapeutic applications in the treatment of cancer agents.2 This report will discuss the various different NCTD that are currently being studied, highlighting the synthesis of these NCTD and their various biological pathways that are taken in order to inhibit the growth of the correspondent cancer cell. In particular NCTD induced apoptosis of the hepatoma cells will be considered and also highlighting the different views with the synthesis of the particular NCTD and also the effectiveness of the methodology and its observations in response to other NCTD and their mechanism in attacking the hepatoma cell site.

Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis is the process whereby DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) codes for the production of essential proteins, such as enzymes and hormones. Proteins are long chains of molecules called amino acids. Different proteins are made by using different sequences and varying numbers of amino acids. The smallest protein consists of fifty amino acids and the largest is about three thousand amino acids long. Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a cell but is controlled by DNA located in the nucleus.

Thalidomide has three more different type of analogs, include lenalidomide, pomalidomide and apremilast. According to the article of Prommer (2009), the three analogs of thalidomide is produced by the reaction of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis and an element called TNF-α which is tumor necrosis factor. Because of thalidomide increases the degradation of RNA to product more amount of TNF-α and thalidomide can combine and active α1-acid glycoproteins with inherent anti-TNF-α.

Leptin, also known as the OB protein/gene, is released from adipose tissue (a connective tissue of fat) (INSERT CITE). The OB protein itself plays a very important role in the control of body fat stores in accordance to eating tendency, metabolism, autonomic nervous system (the nervous system responsible for bodily functions such as a heartbeat) and energy equity in primates, rodents and humans (INSERT CITE). Leptin (OB) is the primary cause for the results in the regulation of body fat, even though the brain is obligated to determine the level at which fat content is supervised (INSERT CITE). There are substantial amounts of genetic evidence that suggests that when the leptin system is disrupted (a mutation), it results in the expansion

Pharmaceutical industry is one of the biggest industry in the world as it involves drugs and medications - something that is very stable in terms of demand. This can be proven by the amount of sales as of 2012. Figure 1.1 shows the breakdown of the market of the pharmaceutical industry worldwide. However, aside from the production and synthesis of drugs and medications, the industry is also involved in the research and further development of drugs and medications. Because of the effect of the products of the industry to its market, the industry is subjected to a lot of laws and regulations. These laws and regulations must be met before their products are sold in the market.

In this assessment I have chosen to research pharmaceuticals as a material that has been developed in the last twenty years. This is a report that will demonstrate my understanding of the chemistry of the material. In this report I shall include the historical development, the properties of the material that makes it useful to society, whether there was experimentation or discoveries that led to its development, any other notes and a personal opinion, and references to my findings.