The Development Of Communications And Information Technologies

Network accelerates the exchange of information and increases the movement. The expansion includes not only a city but also the landscape. Mobility makes architecture become organic objects, rather than static existence. The movement expands to larger scaled networks by circulations. The author thinks that buildings are used to accommodate function and networks are just having a function which without a shell, so modern architecture will become flexible on the shells. According to “City of the Future,” Doxiadis discussed that networks create lines to communicate and all elements will interweave with the lines to meaningful organics. Such network systems allow buildings and cities become animate entities which grow up with time. The word” network”

Although we are in a globalized and interconnected world, through mobile telephony, Internet and other gadgets of information technology, this does not mean that for people is a subsidiary or merely instrumental place where they want to live or work. It is perhaps one of the most important decisions. If it were indifferent location, on the assumption of a flat world by technology mobility, we would not be attending urban concentration that is occurring around large cities and that results in 2011 more than half of the population lives in cities and it is anticipated that by 2050 do about 70% of humanity.

It is estimated that over 50% of the world’s population now lives in urban areas and that this will rise to 70% by 2050. Such a change will

In this ted talk by Parag Khanna, How Megacities are changing the map of the world. The main theme of the talk is about how global networking civilizations in which the cities are now been compete more than the borders. This means that we are now moving into the a world where technologies has taken place in most of our cities, for example the way the infrastructural development and hyper-connected cities are rising to the top more than the state(page 12.10) due to the rapid growing of the people moving to the cities.

In recent years, considerable changes have occurred in developing metropolises. These changes have caused several positive points in Urbanism point of view like:

According to the Health Recourses and Services Administration, “Tele health is the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long distance clinical healthcare, patient and professional health related education, public health, and health administration”(para 1) . Technology is has taken over our every-day lives and has slowly integrated into our health care system. According to Ronda Hughes, “Tele nursing is the use of technology to deliver nursing care and conduct nursing practice” (para 3). The two terms are closely related. Tele nursing cannot be defined without first defining the term of tele health, but what does the tele heath and nursing world look like? What does a tele nurse do and how is it a benefit to the patients and/or the nursing profession?

In the modern world, human civilization has seen many changes from earlier points in our history. In the more developed countries in the world, human civilization is broken up into two main categories known as “Urban Sprawl” and “New Urbanism”. In the interactive, Urban Sprawl and New Urbanism are broken down into five main branches: Regional Transportation, Parking, Street Plans, Shops, Civic Buildings, & Workplaces, and Residential Distribution. These branches reflect many of the places that we live in and see every day, and explains their purpose in depth.

Around the globe each individual has a different definition of what a city is to them. Perhaps in more economically advanced countries, cities to the inhabitants’ maybe a mere central business district, a place to commute to for work, a place of entertainment and shopping. But what about those third world countries, is the city seen as a place, for income which can help support the family leading them to a better future and perhaps even immigration; for these citizens is the city a place for trade and markets or somewhere where you can only dream of going to. Where ever in the world, every individual will have a different definition and vision for the city and the surrounding areas.

Towns exist per interaction, they depend on movement systems-roads, streets, footpaths and public transport routes; also the service utilities (water, gas electricity, etc.), these connections allows towns to work and link to the wider world” - Urban

The concern here addresses three major jargons, “share businesses”, “urban areas”, and lastly “wicked problems”. The phenomena “Shared business” refers to the concept of collaborative consumption where the economic arrangement facilitates the participants to accesses the product or the service rather than an individual ownership, enabled by technologies and peer communities. A sub phenomena to this can be “shared services”, where funding and resourcing of the service is shared and the providing department effectively becomes an internal service provider. On the contrary the other jargon “urban areas “refers to areas with high population density and vast human built features compare to the areas astounding it and the last jargon “wicked problems”, according to Horst W.J. Rittel and Melvin M. Webber, professors of design and urban planning at the University of California at Berkeley, it refers to the problem conventional method fail to resolve while they may exacerbate the situation by undesirable consequences.

Cities are plots of land, densely covered with built environment, inhabited by dwellers; however cities are also vast network hubs, linking social, economic and political flows. Cities possess enormous human capital: they encourage exchange of ideas and intellectual opportunities. Cities are conceived upon diversity – encountering individuals with different believes and points of view, coming from very different backgrounds one has a chance to test his own convictions against those of others. Cities therefore are constantly evolving subjects, where one continues to learn every minute; they also become arenas for political action and organization. In my essay I am going to discuss how through close spatial proximity and interrelation of different socio-economic groups important political questions are being raised.

Although founded in the later part of 1984, Cisco Systems, Inc. had become available to the public 1990. Though out the past twenty years Cisco Systems, has undoubtedly dominated the technology market. The beginning of the company was the typical “get rich quick” semantic: come up with a useful product then make millions off of it. It all began with one person requesting a network extension cord and with that there the gears in the mind of Cisco Systems founder, along with others, began turning. This evolved into the creation of a multiprotocol router. From this, the product would be transform from a snowball effect to the creation of many new and improved products that would advance the growing world of technology and act as the beginning

“Life is not just about the good things or just about the bad things. It is both. It all depends on where you focus your attention.” Similarly, this quote taken from author Anne-Marie Aguilar emphasizes this paper’s argument that the concept of a smart city has positive, but also negative impacts, such as generating class division and social inequality. However, because attention is directed towards the positive effects, this often leads one to overlook the primarily negative influence of this phenomenon. To start with, we define a smart city "as a city in which ICT is merged with traditional infrastructures, coordinated and integrated using new digital technologies”, (Batty, 2012). A real world example of this would be India, where its “government has announced their ‘Smart Cities Mission’” ("2nd smart cities," 2015). Eventually this category of cities will lead to social inequality and exclusion, as companies, and cities focus on those who can pay to generate profits, while ignore the social benefit of the predominant lower class citizens of India. And finally, this exclusion, will add to the digital divide in India as a result of the unequal access to modern information, communication and technology, something a smart city revolves around. Furthermore a smart city’s focus is “to enable more efficient forms of urban management and service delivery”; however, this city leads to more than just that (Smith, 2015). Clearly, the model of a smart city holds factors which create

The twenty-first century is the moment from which, for the fist time in history, there will be more people living in cities then in the countryside. The percentage of urban population started to increase in the 19th century, at the end of which only 3% of the world population lived in cities. In slightly more then a century there was an impressive growth in both relative and absolute terms and the trends for 2030 forecast that 5 out 8 billion people will be urban inhabitants. It is important to understand that, based on how we deal with this change; it can be either a powerful mean to improve life quality or the reason to cause a situation of deep urban conflicts. The rapid growth of the city can be a risk for its poorest

Cities are places which have huge amount of gathering of people, collection of economic activities and complex infrastructure for people which all together are supported by transport systems.