The Effect Of Smoking Reduction On Lung Cancer Risk

Smoking causes lung cancer. This fact is indisputable. What is sometimes disputed is the extent to which the smoke from other

Active smoking and disease relationship was first studied as case-control studies in Germany during 1939 and 1943which revealed a strong association between active smoking and lung cancer [1]. After that large number of studies were conducted which established relationship of tobacco smoke with

Almost 1 in 3 participants (38%) had a decline in lung function of more than double that of the healthy population (-40 ml per year or more). Another third (31%) had a decline by that of the healthy population or up to double (-21 to -40 ml per year). The last third (31%) had a loss in function less than the healthy population up to an increase in lung function (from -20 to more than +20 ml per year). The study also found that a history of smoking did not lead to a greater decline in lung function. But, current smoking was strongly associated with decline in lung function.

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Cigarettes induce chronic inflammation in the body, which is why they are the leading cause of lung cancer. Roughly 80-90% of all cases of lung cancer are caused by smoking. So in other

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Smoking tobacco is one of the main causes of lung cancer. More than 8 out of 10 lung cancers (80%) are caused by smoking. This also includes breathing in other people’s cigarette smoke. Even occasional smoking increases the risk of lung cancer.

“Regardless of decades of research and numerous clinical trials, there has been minimal improvement in the cancer mortality rates; however there has been a reduction in death due to lung cancer this is as a result of reduced smoking

& Janson, C. (2005). Smoking cessation, lung function, and weight gain: a follow-up study. The Lancet, 365(9471), 1629-1635.

Smoking has numerous drawbacks; it affects our bodies, and our environment, consequently causing awful, deleterious, and dreadful implications on our health care. Unquestionably, an obvious and explicit ramification might be lungs cancer, due to the noxious and mischievous fumes, individuals breath and enter their lungs, which may lead to dysfunction

Lung cancer has a high mortality rate throughout the world due to the late recognition of the disease in patients (1). The major cause of lung cancer is cigarette smoking,

The shared concern among medical professionals about the potential for higher mortality rates among men over fifty due to smoking has prompted medical professionals to encourage more lung cancer screening. Screening is recommended for all men and women under the age of 80 who are present smokers or were smokers in the past. De Koning et al. (2014) identify three sub-categories for current and past smokers between 55 and 80 years old. One category covered those with 25 years since stopping, or 20 or less pack-years. In addition, also categorized were those with 15 years since quitting, and those still smoking. The latter had over 30 pack-years’ worth of smoking tobacco and were at the most risk of lung cancer and mortality. More lung deaths can be avoided through routine screening examinations with a minimum frequency of one per year (De Koning et al., 2014). Even those who quit smoking more than 25 years ago were still at risk of developing lung cancer, therefore it is still productive for these seemingly helthy ex-smokers to undergo screening. While this has helped identify lung cancer in its early stages, thus making it treatable and more easily curable, the greatest benefit in reduced fatality goes to those who quit smoking within 15 years of the De Koning et al. (2014) study.

The key aspect to be discussed is the fact that main reason for the significant decline in the number of smokers in the past decade still alludes healthcare researchers. Some better known causes however, include better insurance coverage to help smokers who quit the habit. An equally important factor is the execution of stricter laws prohibiting more smokers to smoke in public places. As identified by the CDC, the percentage of U.S adults who smoke cigarettes have has declined from 20.9% in 2005 to 16.8% in 2014. The evidence also suggests that smoking was noticeably ln 2014 than in 2013. Sources reported that tobacco is the leading cause of preventable disease and death. Another essential point is that it kills 28,000 people every year in New York and afflicts nearly 600,000 residents with serious injuries directed to their smoking. In addition, smoking kills half a million Americans every year and costs about $300 billion dollars a year. Considering this report, it can be concluded that real progress in helping American smokers quit as well as more progress is possible. According to Dr Laurent Greillier from Nord Hospital in Marseille said “nowadays, everyone knows smoking is a risk factor for developing several cancers especially lung cancer. Based on the findings of healthcare experts, it can be argued that anti-smoking campaigns get the maximum credit for the reduced number of smokers with is not entirely deserved of them.

The American Cancer Society (2015), reports that smoking accounts for 30% of all cancer deaths in the United States, including about 80% of all lung cancer deaths. “Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women’’ and is one of the hardest cancers to treat. Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco all cause cancer. Not only does smoking cause lung cancer but it causes other cancers as well. Smoking can also cause many other lung diseases that are just as bad as lung cancer including COPD and emphysema.

Aside from the obvious cause of lung cancer, which is smoking, there are several others. However, almost all of these can be avoided. Preventable risk factors include smoking marijuana, inhaling certain chemicals like gasoline fuel or diesel exhaust, undergoing radiation therapy, and having a poor diet. But, the American Cancer Society affirms that about 87% of lung cancer cases are a result of smoking tobacco, and that some of the other 13% are caused by secondhand smoke (11). Out of all the risk factors for lung cancer, smoking has the biggest impact. This is also ironic, as smoking is the easiest factor to avoid. Theoretically this should be the least prominent factor, as it is a voluntary decision to start smoking and is easier to avoid than any of the other factors. Yet, about 47.1 million people in the United States smoke (American Heart Association), and willingly put themselves at risk for lung cancer. At the same time though, people do not start smoking just because they want to develop lung cancer later in life; there are numerous factors that play into their decision. For example, people are influenced to smoke for reasons such as peer pressure, a way to deal with stress, and people they look up to that smoke (Bonas). They think it will help them relieve stress, or fit in, and they do not think about the consequences that come with their newfound hobby. Eventually smokers find that they cannot quit, for both physical and psychological