The leading cause of the disease Gonorrhea is the proliferation of the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococci or gonococcus. This bacterium is a gram-negative diplococcus, meaning it has a thin peptidogylcan layer in its cell wall and it is spherical in shape and found in pairs. The organism is usually found in the cell in a phagocytic leukocyte, with various nuclei shapes. Because the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae is found within a phagocytic white blood cell, it is unknown whether or not the bacteria is in the process of being killed or if they survive indefinitely. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is reported and notified as one of the most common bacterium affecting the reproductive system in humans. While Gonorrhea is a …show more content…
Techniques that can be used to isolate the bacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are Gram Staining, oxidase test, and a catalase test. The transmission of Gonorrhea is strictly direct contact, most commonly transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person. Transmission of this contagious sexual disease also includes having direct contact with infected bodily fluids. For example, a mother could pass on the infection to her newborn during childbirth. Gonorrhea is an infection of the reproductive system in either women or men. However, it can be acquired at any point of sexual contact, including oral-pharyngeal and anal. During infection, the gonococcus attaches to the mucosal cells of the epithelial wall by the means of fimbriae. The mucus membranes of the human body provide Neisseria gonorrhoeae with the warm and moist conditions necessary for its growth. These areas include the oral-pharyngeal area, the eyes, rectum, urethra, the opening of the cervix, and the external genitals of prepubertal females. The invading pathogen enters the body through the spaces separating columnar epithelial cells found in the warm moist areas of the human body. The release of endotoxins in the bacterial cell wall stimulating inflammation in which leukocytes move into the
Neisseria is a Gram negative bacteria that has fimbriae that allow attachment for colonization. This means that the bacteria has colonized , so there are multiple Neisseria cells present. Gram negative bacteria are endotoxins, which could explain why her symptoms have worsened. Endotoxins only excrete when the cells die, so when you take antibiotics it kills off the cells quicker than them just dying by themselves. The more cells that die the more severe the execration , the worse the symptoms. Endotoxins can cause your blood to clot causing tissue death or can cause septic shock, which could explain why half the people
- wounds and breaks in the skin (pathogens enter the body through mucus membranes, nose, mouth, gut, genital urinary track - catheters, or wounds like surgical incisions which can cause e.g. MRSA).
various shapes of nuclei, of the gonorrhea pustule exudates with humans as its only natural host.
Chlamydia testing is quick, easy and painless. A urine sample is the most common method of testing for infection with chlamydia. It is also possible to have a swab test. This involves wiping a sterile cotton swab around the infected area (usually the genitals, although it may be the rectum, mouth or eyes in a small number of cases). The tests are extremely reliable when carried out by a doctor or nurse at a clinic, and will detect the vast majority of chlamydia cases.
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease that however, can be transmitted through sharing of sex toys and can also be transmitted "from mother to child during vaginal delivery." (Women's Health Zone, 2011) The work of Brooks (nd) states "People usually report symptoms 2-15 after exposure, although some people show no symptoms at all. Men are more likely to notice symptoms than are women. Males with asymptomatic urethritis are important reservoirs for transmission and are at increased risk for developing complications. If there are symptoms, both male and females usually have white/yellow discharge, dysuria, and irritation or
Acharya, T (2013, June 9). Virulence factors produced by Neisseria meningitidis and their role in pathogenesis Retrieved from
Gonorrhea is the second most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the world (Unemo 2011). Throughout time this disease has prevailed against different antibiotic defenses. This evolutionary advantage has allowed gonorrhea to continue its survival and transmission into different hosts. Understanding what causes the disease is important because what causes the symptoms in gonorrhea-infectected hosts can explain why this disease is successful. Taking a look at the evolutionary history in gonorrhea is the first step in understanding the nature of this disease.
The lack of difference in the rates of repeat gonorrhea infection by region of birth might be attributable to access of care. In the U.S. Army, all active duty personnel have access to free medical care. In this regard, African-American personnel, who are from the south and are low-income before military service, would then have higher health care access. This may result in rates of repeat gonorrhea infection being similar by region of birth after joining the U.S. Army. Another possibility is that region of birth is a key determinant of gonorrhea incidence, but not for repeat infections, and other behavioral, biological, and socio-cultural factors may influence the risk of repeat infection among women. Newmand and Berman (2008), report
Syphilis is a venereal disease that can be contacted and spread by means of sexual intercourse. An infected pregnant mother can also pass the disease to the unborn child during pregnancy. The disease is caused by a corkscrew-shaped bacterium called a spirochete, Treponema pallidum. The bacteria cause sores or ulcers to appear on the skin of the penis, vagina, and mouth. In some occasions, the sore can appear in the rectum, on the tongue, lips, or breast.
This condition is caused by bacteria. It is passed from an infected partner during sexual activity. This contact could be with the genitals, mouth, or rectal area.
Like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea can also infect the genitals and throat (Friedman & Skancke, 2009). This sexually transmitted infection affects more than 800,000 women and men every year in the United States (Shoquist & Stafford, 2004). Although symptoms are uncommon, the symptoms often experienced include vomiting, pain in the genital area, unusually thick discharge, and the urge to urinate more than usual (Sutton, 2006). Gonorrhea can lead to infertility in both men and women, and during pregnancy can lead to premature labor and stillbirth (Shoquist & Stafford,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the obligate human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea. This Gram-negative diplococci/gonococci does not infect other animals or experimental animals and does not survive freely in the environment. The gonococcal infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, pharynx, ophthalmic area, rectum, and bloodstream. During the 1980’s gonorrhea was also referred to as “the clap” when public awareness was quite minimal. This was one of the venereal diseases prostitutes hoped to contract since it resulted in infertility by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). As documentation, diagnostic testing, and public awareness improved, there has been a decline
Gonorrhea is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. If gonorrhea is not treated early, it can cause serious problems, especially in women. About one million American men and women contract gonorrhea each year. Transmission is very easy to contract gonorrhea. You can contract it from unprotected anal, vaginal, and oral sex. Gonorrhea can be found on the tip of the penis, in the anus, in the vagina, in the throat, and also in the eye. You can also get gonorrhea from secondary contact. For example, if you have gonorrhea and you touch the infected part with your hand you now have the disease on your hand if you now touch your eye it is possible for you to get it in your eye. Symptoms are not always obvious. It is possible to have gonorrhea and not have any symptoms. If symptoms do appear it will usually take from one to two weeks for anything to appear. Some possible symptoms could be discharge from the penis or vagina, the need to urinate often, burning or pain when urinating and in women bleeding between
Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhea and affects humans, especially during sexual intercourse. The reservoir for gonorrhea are the male and female reproductive tract, it can also be found in other area of the body including urethra, mouth, eyes and anus. Men who shows no symptoms of urethritis can develop complications later in life and have a higher reservoir rate for the bacteria. Gonorrhea can be transmitted through sexual intercourse through the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. Furthermore, gonorrhea can also be acquired by the baby from the mother during the delivery of the baby. In addition, re-infection of gonorrhea can occur especially in individual who was previously treated for gonorrhea when they are re-exposed
A person can get some STDs, such as herpes or genital warts, through skin to skin contact with an infected area or sore. Another myth about the spread of STDs is that you can’t get it if you have oral or anal sex. It is also wrong because the viruses or bacteria that cause STDs can enter the body through tiny cuts or tears in the mouth and anus, as well as the genitals . STDs also spread easily because you can’t tell whether someone has an infection. In fact, some people with STDs don’t even know that they have them because infections often do not cause any symptoms. Medically, infections are only called diseases when they cause symptoms. These people are in danger of passing an infection on to their sex partners without even realizing it.