Abstract
When translated, Hezbollah means “The Party of God.” However, as we examine the history, demographics, agenda, methodology and target choices and affiliation assignments and contributions of Hezbollah, we discover that this organization was established with perhaps one goal in mind and that is to strike fear into the hearts of those that oppose an Islamic state in Lebanon. Therefore, as the self-proclaimed “Party of God,” based on the history of their activities and actions, they appear to be something entirely different.
History
Since the establishment of Hezbollah in 1982 as part of the Iranian government’s Revolutionary Guard, according to Spindlove et al (2010, pp. 249-252), the goal of this organization has since been the creation of an independent Islamic state exclusive of the nation of Lebanon. Moreover, according to a compilation of information by Berman (2015), it is widely believed that the Hezbollah ideology spawned during the Iranian Revolution. During this revolution, the rhetoric called upon Muslims to over through governments that oppressed them and their beliefs. Within Lebanon, according to perceptions of the Hezbollah leaders, the United States (U.S.) was ultimately to blame for the oppression of Lebanese Muslims and their beliefs while, simultaneously, viewing Israel as an extension of the U.S. and its policies within the region. Led by religious clerics, in addition to their desire for independence, the Hezbollah organization adopted an
By definition, Islam is a religion of those who obey the doctrines of the Prophet Muhammad. Muhammad, who in the 7th century lived in Arabia, initiated a religious movement that throughout the Middle East was supported by the Arabs. Today, not only in Middle East origins, Islam has adherents, where it is the dominant religion in all countries (Non-Arab, and Arab), but also in other parts of Africa, Asia and, of course, as well as in the United States. Those who are loyal to Islam are called Muslims. The Sunni, Shiite conflict in Iraq started long before the ruling of Saddam Hussein, but when Hussein became Prime Minister of the country the conflict between the two religious sects was taken to a new level. Right when Hussein gained full power, under his control, began years of persecution of the Shiite Muslims in the country. But, before this happened, the conflict was based upon Muhammad and who was to rule after he had died. When Muhammad had died there were many disputes on who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad after his death in 632. Shiites believed that the prophet’s son-in-law, Ali, was to be the successor. Both consider the Koran the word of God. But, devoutness and religious practice distinguish between the two sects. However, Islam teaches that all Islam is equal so Sunni and Shiite sects fight with each other not only because of “hatred” but, also because of religious
Diamond’s third notion came from a variety of political and institutional problems that are one the main obstacles for the Middle East region. For one, these regimes have become extremely adept at repressing anyone who speaks against them within their societies. For another, they have started to use short bursts of political reform to relieve temporary demands for reform while leaving intact executive monopolies over state resources. Further, they efficiently divide opposition parties and civic forces, often by imposing electoral rules and regulations that make it impossible for civil society-which is generally weak and fragmented-to, mount concerted campaigns against the state apparatus. Diamond’s last explanation speaks on the dual issues of Islamism and the Arab-Israeli conflict, and how it plays into each side’s regime survival strategy. Authoritarian incumbents play up the
Syria and Lebanon are two dramatically different states with a deeply intertwined history. They were both born out of French interventionism following World War 1, and have experienced complex and strained relations ever since. The two nations have both experienced prodigious political turmoil since gaining their independence, with both suffering from civil wars and conflict with their mutual neighbor, Israel. The war and turmoil that has plagued these two countries can be traced back to various competing national interests, as well as a struggle for regional power. The various religious groups in the area have historically formed transnational advocacy networks with the intent of influencing regional politics. These groups have proved to of been a major factor in the history of both nations.
The National Republicans were a political party created after the Election of 1824. Although John Quincy Adams lost to Andrew Jackson in the Election of 1828 the party opposed to Jackson was the National Republican Party, or Anti-Jacksonians created and run by Henry Clay. It had a nationalistic outlook, and wanted to use national resources to build a strong economy. Its platform was a system of nationally financed internal improvements and a protective tariff, which would promote faster economic development. The National Republicans were significant in that they were the opposition party to the Democrats and Andrew Jackson, but also, with their strong economical policies and ideas, fostered the creation of the Market Economy.
The Donner party was like a group of people in wagons that headed west. They thought that by doing that they would get better life's. Baisicly what the meant was to start a new life. The leader of the Donner party was George Donner.
I enjoy reading your post. Hezbollah's military strength has grown so significantly that its paramilitary wing is considered more powerful than the
The Republican party or Grand Old Party (GOP), for over 150 years, has maintained itself as a major political party within the United States of America. As a whole, the republican party follows the belief of military build up ,less taxes, and more importantly, a limited government. However, throughout recent years there has been an influx of conservative values being spread throughout the GOP. These values include harsh stances against: homosexuality, immigration, and abortion. This recent “conservative trend” has caused many to see the party as out of date. Ironically, it has not always been like this, as the party was once what would be defined as “liberal”. These liberal views included support of “conservatism” and universal health care(http://www.marketwatch.com/story/four-things-republicans-used-to-believe-2011-07-18). So, what happened? In short, the conservative influx in the 1950s would lead to this drastic change of views, which would lead us to today 's far right republican party. In order to-
I founded the Federalist Party and I believe very strongly in many things. I am a slavery abolitionist, although I never had the power to do anything to abolish slavery I spoke out against the disgusting act when I could. I wanted to create a constitution that centered around a strong central governments and I believe the power should not shift too strongly on the public, that it could only lead to error, confusion and instability. I wanted to pay off the national debt after the war so that we could move on and so that other countries would see us as dependable and trustworthy, I do not like states and If I could I would have gotten rid of them all together. I believe that the best government is the British government and I designed my plan
If I had to specifically choose which political party had the most influence on my life and political views I would say it is the Republican Party. The Republican Party supports most of my current views on American issues in the United States. I think its safe to say that I am more Republican than Democrat. Some of the few specific views that I hold that are influenced by Republicans are; I am pro-life, I believe in limiting social welfare to unemployed Americans, I favor a continued military presence in unstable Middle Eastern regions, and I strongly oppose gun control.
Howard Phillips founded the Constitution Party in 1992. This is the party of “Integrity, Liberty, and Prosperity.” Pillar one is Integrity. This says they will hold their party officers accountable for their conduct. They will be held to the highest ethical standards in dealing with the public, donors, government officials, and candidates. They say that corrupt candidates come from corrupt parties and honest and honorable candidates can only come from a party that insists that all its leaders have same characteristics. Pillar two is Liberty. They say that government is most ineffective, inefficient, and most expensive ways to get anything done. The solution is not to simply cut funding and abandon the people in need.
Iran gave direct support to Hezbollah through the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. Hezbollah opposed Lebanon because it was supported by Israel and the United States, and in 1985 it issued its political agenda through the “Open Letter to the Downtrodden in Lebanon and in the World.”# In 1989, the Taif Accord emerged and the Lebanese Civil War ended in 1990 when Syrian troops moved into parts of Lebanon that were not occupied by Israel. The Taif Accord balanced powers between Christians and Muslims in Lebanon, and overall tried to maneuver equality amongst both groups although Sunni elites were given the dominant role. After the Taif Accord, economic conditions continued to worsen and many began to underestimate the ability of Syria to control Lebanon. Syria then made the strategic move to promote Rafiq al-Hariri in 1992 to rescue Lebanon from its eventual demise. Hariri was able to boost the economy and revive morale in the Sunni communities. By the 1990s Hariri was capable of governing Lebanon independent of Syria. This began a decline of Syrian support for him, and a decline of Sunni dominance. After Hariri’s assassination in 2005, Syria was able to grasp control of Lebanon once more, and enabled Hezbollah to demonstrate a larger role. First existing as a revolutionary Islamist movement,
To effectively analyze programs, intentions and ideological motives of Hezbollah several collection programs of the five types could be utilized to gather intelligence on Hezbollah. Collected information must undergo further conversion before it reaches the analysis phase to be used against Hezbollah (Gay, 2005) First, Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) could be used to gather intelligence information from open sources such as websites, social media sources, publishing’s and news outlets in the Middle East and even other countries where Hezbollah has an influence or followers. OSINT can be gathered in Palestinian enclaves in other countries as well.
The use of the Hezbollah has greatly added to the continuation of the Arab-Israeli conflict and has limited cooperation in all regions. The Hezbollah also attracted U.S. attention after a suicide bomber killed over two hundred Marines in Beirut.
I started my search based off my long held interest in politics, and the issues that affect the way we govern. So I boiled that down to the entities that decide when and what we govern. Political Parties. After I had my subject I looked at the three things I believe political parties play a role in. The three areas of interest I chose were our political parties role in our history, economics, and religion, and what factors in those areas determine how political parties’ function.
Hezbollah was formed in 1982 by radical Lebanese Shiites who wanted to create an Islamic state in Lebanon and to free their land of Israeli domination (Byers, 2003). These extremists called their group Hezbollah, in English this translates to Party