Kurt Lewin(1942), was known as the founder of social psychology, he also proposed the theory that behavior of the person is generated from different interactions of the learner and his environment. He suggested that learning should be observed holistically with relation to the psychological factors of the learners' environment and also the other factor that effect the learners' behavior.
Jean Piaget's(Piaget's & Duckworth, 1970), genetic epistemology also finds a relation between the learning process and the interaction with the environment. Piaget's theory denies this factor that the knowledge already exists in the society or it is inborn characteristic of the learner.
Pedagogical approaches
The experimental learning theory views the teaching
…show more content…
60-70) of Monitor Model. This experimental hypothesis states that there are many factors that affect the language learning process that are social attitude towards language, motivation, self-confidence and anxiety level of learners. These factors have a greater impact on the language learning and their positive use can give highly favorable result. This Monitor Model is cited frequently by the researchers but the drawback of this model is that it does not explain the definition of language learning motivation and its effects on language …show more content…
The concept of language motivation already exists and adds nothing new in the acculturation and language motivation or in the existing knowledge.
Then in the start of 1960s to 1980s, Gardner presented and remolded the socio-educational model, "the most influential model of language learning motivation" in the already existing literature (Keblawi; 2009, p. 12). Through this model, Gardner (1985a, p. 8) explains language motivation as a "combination of effort plus desire to achieve the goal of learning the language plus favorable attitudes towards learning the language".
With the further description of integrative and instrumental motivation, it refers to the wish of the learner to interact and communicate with the natives of the target language for the assimilation of the language. On the other hand, the instrumental motivation is described with the functional point of view of getting a better job and handsome salary or getting the success in the examination and for getting supremacy and good status in the society (Keblawi,
A learners’ reason for wanting to learn something new can affect their motivation. A learner who is self-funded and wants to learn for personal or job progression reasons is likely to be more highly motivated than some who been “told” to attend, sent against their will or who is not interested in the subject.
Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Let us also not forget the importance of written expression as well as reading comprehension with these L2 learners. Each play a role in language development. However, I believe that in acquiring a language, one must use a variety of techniques that work together to create a balance within the learning environment. Furthermore, all L2 learners learn differently and so a variety of resources will need to be used based on the ability of each student. There are many theories that have been developed by highly qualified experts in the field on linguistics. However, I will address those areas that I agree with as I present my personal theories on second language acquisition.
Language is the primary way to communicate, learn and express identity. Some language learners are successful by virtue of their sheer determination, hard work and diligence. However, there are other crucial factors influencing success that are largely beyond the control of learners. ' 'Second language is any language other than the learner 's native language or mother tongue ' '(Mitchell pg 5). To be successful in second language acquisition, there are various factors which act as barrier in the process of learning English as a second language.
My research for this topic consisted of observations within different school districts in the Houston area, articles which exposed me to new ideas and a strong base of information from my own personal experiences. As an outcome of these research fountains, I will focus on three important points which come together in a student’s motivation and willingness to learn a foreign language. I will focus on the benefits
The authors undertook this research in order to better understand the factors that affect language learning. The findings obtained through this research may help predict
In the early 1960's attention was focused on the work of the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, who since the 1920's had been writing about children's cognitive development. Piaget called himself a genetic epistemologist-that is, a person who studies the origins of human knowledge-and his theories led to more advanced work in child psychology. This work involves both experimental and observational methods and, in accounting for behavior, integrates biological and environmental variables. Thus, current studies have their origins in Darwin's theory of evolution but also consider Watson's concern for environment (Kroll 1995).
Also, how much the student perceives the need of the new language can have a great impact on how willing they are to learn it. In terms of his own advancement in perhaps obtaining a job where it may be necessary to know English, or meeting some other goal, which is
Language acquisition is very interesting topic, recently become part of our life and it helps the communication between people not only enables us to understand others. Also it has aids in developing relationships, as we know this language is crucial part of everyday life.
Kurt Lewin was born in Poland on September 9, 1880. Lewin was a German American psychologist predominantly known for his work with psychology field theory, group dynamics and his theory of change. A majority of Lewin’s work was focused on practical psychological issues such as racism, child development, and humanization of the workplace and school. Some describe Lewin as the founder of experimental social psychology.
Jameel Ahmad, in his article, “Traditional & Socio-Cultural Barriers to EFL Learning: A Case Study” suggests that Arabic children that lack intrinsic motivation to learn English will have a detrimental impact towards their learning. Long standing traditions and culture that teach students to not value learning a new language, since they believe that by doing so, it will not encourage students to
It is the duty of the teacher to identify those factors and comprehend it completely in order to teach the students effectively. Among all these factors, motivation is one of the most significant one. Dorneyi (2001 a) addresses the relevance of motivation by asserting, “ ‘motivation' is related to one of the most basic aspects of the human mind, and most teachers and researchers would agree that it has a very important role in determining success or failure in any learning situation. My personal experience is that 99 per cent of language learners who really want to learn a foreign language (i.e. who are really motivated) will be able to master a reasonable working knowledge of it as a minimum, regardless of their language aptitude.”
A synopsis of epistemology and knowledge, and incorporates a series and current philosophers have struggled with this concept throughout the centuries, such as Lehner and Plato is presented. Additionally, an examination of the work conducted by the world well-known psychologist Jean Piaget. Genetic Epistemology is the study of the origin, or beginning (genesis) of knowledge (epistemology). It involves the theory of cognitive development in the field of psychology (www.wikipedia.com). The development of knowledge, in addition to being manipulated are not genetically encoded into the brain. Piaget often viewed children to become young scientists in order to behave a certain way and to change their understanding about certain predictions about the world.
A second language is known to be used by someone who wants to advance in a career area and require the second language or by someone who wants to adapt to a new country. The struggles of learning a second language in a country that only speaks the native language can cause difficulty to adapt. People from Mexico tend to only speak spanish, therefore it is not common for them to speak another language. A foreign language is a language that is learned in an area where that language is not generally spoken by the community as a whole. This essay will try to explain through the use of research why and how people learn English as a foreign language.
Language learners’ motivation plays a significant role in learning a second language since persistence and determination are necessary to deal with the stress of a difficult language. “Motivation has been widely accepted by both teachers and researchers as one of the key factors that influence the rate and success of second language learning” (Dörnyei, 2014, p. 1). Motivation answers the fundamental question of why people act in a certain way, generating the energy, effort, and persistence necessary to achieve a design goal at the beginning (Trotsky; Zebra as cited in Dörnyei, 2014, p. 519; Bernard, 2010, p. 4). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation are two different types of motivation which have influenced and shaped the foundation of human behavior. In reference to second language learning, extrinsic motivation is related to external gain which is outside of the passions and personal self-esteem that those people need to obtain and acquire to increase motivation. Extrinsic motivation in usually driven by the wish to increase future occupation or business opportunities, while another incentive is to gain more prestige or more power. In contrast, intrinsic is coming from a personal interest that truly motivates people internally as the more powerful factor in achieving the goal language. (Giani & O’Fuinn, 2010, p. 2). Those who set out to learn without such motivation find it much more difficult to succeed. If they are lacking in motivation, even individuals with the most
There are various possible reasons for a person to learn English a second language. It could be to meet their job criteria, for a business purpose or it is their core subjects in their country to learn (Ahmed, 2015). English is becoming a well recognized and global language around the around the world. Ahmed (2015) stated that English has become an international language among the people. English is becoming a well recognized and global language around the around the world. He mentioned that English is beneficial to the students that want study in overseas such as UK, Canada, US or Australia where they learn everything in English. He also mentioned that people around the world using English for many purposes such as for the international business. Motivation is one of the mandatory abstract in psychology (Guilloteaux and Dornyei, 2008). They believed that the learners will no able to accomplish their goal without enough of motivation.